Anti‑Corruption and Integrity Outlook 2026: Thailand
Table of contents
Thailand strategic framework includes a set of Cabinet-approved strategies that together form its public integrity strategic framework. The main strategies are the Master Plan under the National strategy on Anti-Corruption and Misconduct and the Strategy on Ethical Standards and Promotion of Public Sector Ethics.
Access to public information is governed by the Official Information Act which establishes a general right to request information held by public authorities and also provides an appeal process through an information disclosure tribunal. In parallel, the Digital Government Administration and Services Act promotes the proactive disclosure of government information.
The Organic Act on Prevention and Suppression of Corruption covers conflict of interest management and asset and interest disclosure. This requires a wide range of political office holders to submit declarations which are then verified and published by the National Anti-Corruption Commission. Thailand does not have a dedicated legal framework on lobbying activities.
Political finance is regulated through the Organic Act on Political Parties and the Organic Act on the Election of Members of the House of Representatives, which establish rules on donation limits, bans on foreign and state-owned enterprise contributions, reporting obligations and sanctions.
Note: 2025 or latest year available Data for judicial integrity, prosecutorial integrity and disciplinary system are not available.
Source: OECD Public Integrity Indicators Database (data extracted on 7 March 2026)
Data on where Thailand’s integrity system is strongest and could be most improved can be found at the link below:
Note: 2025 or latest year available.
Source: OECD Public Integrity Indicators Database (data extracted on 7 March 2026)
Thailand fulfils 40% of criteria on the strength of strategic framework, and 37% on practice, compared to the OECD average of 38% and 32%, respectively.
A set of Cabinet-approved strategies form the integrity and anti-corruption strategic framework in Thailand. The Strategy on Ethical Standards and Promotion of Public Sector Ethics establishes first-level objectives to mitigate public integrity risks in human resource management, focusing on ethical conduct and compliance with integrity standards among public officials. The Master Plan under the National strategy on Anti-Corruption and Misconduct sets objectives to reduce fraud and corruption across the public sector, through prevention and enforcement measures. Other key integrity risk areas, including public financial management, internal control and risk management, and public procurement, are not covered in either strategy. Public financial management is addressed by the State Audit adopted by the State Audit Office.
Both strategies include a situation analysis and draw on a broad range of data sources. While the strategies are not based on a formal system-wide risk assessment, the Strategy on Ethical Standards and Promotion of Public Sector Ethics includes a general situation analysis. Additionally, the Master Plan under the National Strategy on Anti-Corruption and Misconduct includes a situation analysis where it breaks down existing integrity challenges and how these informed the development of the Master Plan.
The Strategy on Ethical Standards contains an action plan but no cost estimates whereas the National Strategy and Misconduct Action Plan includes funding arrangements for each objective. Both strategies contain evaluation arrangements: the NACC is responsible for implementation, monitoring, reporting and evaluation of the Master Plan under the National Strategy on Anti-Corruption and Misconduct.
Note: 2025 or latest year available.
Source: OECD Public Integrity Indicators Database (data extracted on 7 March 2026)
Thailand fulfils 20% of criteria on regulations, and 0% of criteria on practice, compared to the OECD average of 43% and 38%, respectively.
Thailand has no law regulating lobbying actors or activities, meaning there are no defined sanctions for breaches of transparency or integrity standards, no central government body responsible for overseeing lobbying practices, and no code of conduct guiding interactions between public officials and lobbyists or illustrating at‑risk situations. Beneficial ownership rules requiring the disclosure of company data to identify owners of corporations, establish a central register, and make information accessible to the public mandatory are also not established.
The Organic Act on Prevention and Suppression of Corruption sets a two-year cooling off periods for persons holding positions in independent organisations, high positions or a political position as determined by the NACC. Cooling-off periods are not established for lobbyists.
Note: 2025 or latest year available.
Source: OECD Public Integrity Indicators Database (data extracted on 7 March 2026)
Thailand fulfils 78% of criteria on regulations, and 11% of criteria on practice, compared to the OECD average of 80% and 45%, respectively.
Section 184 of the Constitution lists incompatibilities between public functions and other public or private activities. The Organic Act on Prevention and Suppression of Corruption defines institutional responsibilities as well as submission, compliance, and content verification procedures for asset declarations, including persons holding political positions, judges of the Constitutional Court and local administrators as determined by the National Anti-Corruption Commission. Although the Act includes certain prohibitions on activities that may create conflicts between public and private interests, there is no legislation or guidance that clearly defines “conflict of interest” in a broad, comprehensive way covering all at‑risk situations.
The Act establishes that when an asset declaration appears to be incomplete or inaccurate the Secretary General, or a person assigned by the Secretary General, shall notify whoever is submitting the declaration to do so correctly. This can then be referred to the Commission. The Organic Act on Prevention and Suppression of Corruption requires members of the government, Parliament, newly appointed or reappointed top-tier civil servants’ of the executive branch and employees in a high-risk position to submit asset declarations; members of the highest body of the judiciary are not covered under these measures. In practice, declarations to be selected are verified according to a risk-based approach by the National Anti-Corruption Commission.
Note: 2025 or latest year available.
Source: OECD Public Integrity Indicators Database (data extracted on 7 March 2026)
Thailand fulfils 40% of criteria on regulations, and 57% of criteria in practice, compared to the OECD average of 76% and 58%, respectively.
https://www.nacc.go.th/tacc/upload/files/download_202102021507292.pdfThe independent Election Commission oversees political parties and election campaign financing but does not have certified auditors on its payroll: this role is carried out by certified public accountants. The Organic Act on Prevention and Suppression of Corruption bans contributions from foreign states or enterprises in addition to publicly owned enterprises. However, it does not completely ban anonymous donations, which are allowed below threshold of 5000 baht. The Act does not prohibit the use of public funds, state resources, or administrative assets for the benefit or disadvantage of a political party. There is no threshold for personal contributions to candidates’ personal campaigns, as there are no provisions in the Act regarding donations of money or property that cover members of the senate.
The Organic Act on Political Parties establishes that each party must submit financial statements certified by a licensed auditor for approval by April of each year, Parties have up to 30 days to submit financial statements from the date of approval by the general meeting of the political party. Several parties did not submit annual accounts within this timeline within the past 5 years: 7 in 2020, 8 in 2021, 4 in 2022 and 1 in 2023. All parties submitted financial statements in 2024 and all 67 political parties submitted accounts related to elections within the timeline for the past two election cycles. Their financial reports are publicly available on the Political Party Information page.
The Organic Act on Prevention and Suppression of Corruption establishes sanctions for breaches of political finance rules.
Note: 2025 or latest year available.
Source: OECD Public Integrity Indicators Database (data extracted on 7 March 2026)
Thailand fulfils 33% of criteria on regulations, and 42% of criteria in practice, compared to the OECD average of 72% and 62%, respectively.
Public information is governed by the Official Information Act which is overseen by the Office of the Official Information Commission and the Government Information Committee. The Digital Government Development Agency monitors open data. The head of the Committee is appointed for a fixed term of three years and can be dismissed for one of six strictly defined reasons. Because the Committee can only issue non‑binding opinions, decisions of the disclosure tribunals cannot be appealed, and since the Act provides no sanctions for non‑compliance, none are applied in practice.
The Act does not treat all public institutions or private entities performing public duties as holders of public information, because its definition of a government agency excludes such private bodies, and the Commission states that “official information” refers only to information held by state agencies, not by private actors carrying out public functions. Agencies are required to provide requested information within a reasonable time but there are no set deadlines. Applicants do need to justify their requests, though agencies are not required to supply information in the format requested. Fee assistance is available for low‑income applicants unless another law provides otherwise.
Thailand publishes many integrity related datasets, such as the national budget, election results, public tenders, the company register, and the land registry. However, it does not disclose interest declarations by officials, parliamentary legislative proposals, a consolidated database of primary laws, or information on government sessions and ministerial agendas.
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The full book is available in English: OECD (2026), Anti-Corruption and Integrity Outlook 2026: Harnessing the Integrity Advantage, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/16708b78-en.
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