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The key to supply chain resilience is not found in the elimination of risk, but in the effective navigation of risk. This is best accomplished by working together, through public, private and international co-operation with trusted partners. Policy environments that enable agility, adaptability and alignment are an essential antidote to a fragile, frozen and fractured international trading system. The OECD Supply Chain Resilience Review encourages the strategic use of policy tools related to trade facilitation, digitalisation, trade in services and emerging data and analytical capacities to create the conditions for stronger, safer and more prosperous trade.Learn more
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The Steel Outlook is the OECD’s annual analysis of the world steel market. It provides the most up to date figures and the medium term outlook showing developments in the world steel market by area, and the main characteristics, apparent consumption, trade and production trends in the steel industry globally.The global steel industry faces persistent challenges that are likely to intensify through 2025 and beyond. Planned capacity expansions risk deepening global excess capacity amid sluggish demand growth. Capacity utilisation could fall, intensifying downward pressure on prices and profitability. Regional demand trends diverge: while ASEAN and MENA show stronger growth, demand is declining in China and remaining constant in OECD economies.Competition is distorted by subsidies, particularly in China, ASEAN, and MENA. China’s subsidies (as a share of firm revenues) are 10 times higher than those in OECD countries, encouraging overcapacity and unviable investments. In parallel, Chinese steel exports surged, prompting a sharp rise in trade actions and raising concerns about circumvention practices. These trade distortions underscore the urgency of addressing non market policies driving global imbalances.Excess capacity is also undermining investment in steel decarbonisation. While many firms are pursuing decarbonisation technologies, progress is uneven due to limited access to renewable energy and high grade ores. This could shift production and trade patterns over time.Learn more
