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Governments and companies borrowed USD 25 trillion from markets in 2024, which is USD 10 trillion more compared to the pre-COVID period. Higher and more expensive sovereign and corporate debt risks restricting capacity to finance future investment needs.


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Inflation continues to linger in many countries
Inflationary pressures persist in many economies, with headline inflation recently turning up again in an increasing share of economies. Services price inflation has stayed elevated, with a median rate of 3.6% across OECD economies.
Over 2025-26 inflation is projected to be higher than previously expected, although still moderating as economic growth softens. Headline inflation is projected to fall from 3.8% in 2025 to 3.2% in 2026 in the G20 economies. Underlying inflation is now projected to remain above central bank targets in many countries in 2026.
Elevated geopolitical tensions remain an important near-term adverse risk, particularly if the evolving conflicts in the Middle East were to intensify and pose risks to the security of oil supplies from the region. An unexpected sharp oil price rise would raise global inflation substantially and hit confidence and growth, especially in oil importing countries.
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Analysis and insights for driving a rapid transition to net-zero while building resilience to physical climate impacts.Learn more
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The OECD designs international standards and guidelines for development co-operation, based on best practices, and monitors their implementation by its members. It works closely with member and partner countries, and other stakeholders (such as the United Nations and other multilateral entities) to help them implement their development commitments. It also invites developing country governments to take an active part in policy dialogue.Learn more
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Despite progress in recent years, more work needs to be done across all OECD countries to secure gender equality, with women and girls still facing inappropriate disadvantages and barriers in most spheres of social and economic life. Gender equality must remain a priority, as a matter of basic human rights and long-term economic wellbeing and prosperity. It drives economic growth, strengthens democracy, enhances social cohesion and increases the well-being of all members of society.Learn more
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About 70% of international trade involves global value chains (GVCs), as services, raw materials, parts, and components cross borders – often numerous times. A strong trend has emerged towards the international dispersion of value chain activities such as design, production, marketing, distribution, etc. This emergence of GVCs and increased interest in their sustainability and resilience requires analysing supply chains as a whole and developing policies around them.Learn more
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oecdecoscope.blog18 March 2025
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