This section presents a set of key indicators related to research and innovation (R&I) talent development, labour market dynamics, and talent circulation, with the target country highlighted for comparison.
ReICO
Norway
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Key indicators
Doctoral graduates as a share of master’s graduates
Doctorate degree holders per thousand workforce (25-64 years)
R&D personnel per thousand employment, FTE
R&D labour costs for internal R&D personnel, per FTE R&D personnel
Net flow of international scientific authors, % of total authors
Policies on human resources for research and innovation in Norway
Explore national policies related to human resources for research and innovation through the dedicated Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP) Compass platform.
National studies, publications and initiatives overview in Norway
- Frølich, N. et al. (2018), Academic career structures in Europe: Perspectives from Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands, Austria and the UK, Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education (NIFU), https://nifu.brage.unit.no/nifu-xmlui/handle/11250/2487666 (accessed on 24 April 2025).
- Frølich, N. et al. (2019), Attraktive akademiske karrierer? Søkning, rekruttering og mobilitet i UH-sektoren [Attractive academic careers? Application, recruitment and mobility in the higher education sector], Nordisk institutt for studier av innovasjon, forskning og utdanning (NIFU) [Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education], https://nifu.brage.unit.no/nifu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2608244/NIFUrapport2019-10.pdf (accessed on 24 April 2025).
- Gunnes, H. et al. (2024), Forskning og utvikling i Norge [People in R&D], Norges forskningsråd [Research Council of Norway], https://www.forskningsradet.no/indikatorrapporten/indikatorrapporten-dokument/menneskelige-ressurser (accessed on 24 April 2025).
- Ramberg, I. and K. Wendt (2023), Forskerhverdag under koronapandemien: Resultater fra en panelundersøkelse av norske forskere 2022 [Everyday life as a researcher during the corona pandemic [Results from a panel survey of Norwegian researchers 2022], Nordisk institutt for studier av innovasjon, forskning og utdanning (NIFU) [Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education], https://nifu.brage.unit.no/nifu-xmlui/handle/11250/3069589 (accessed on 24 April 2025).
- Reiling, R., A. Madsen and M. Ulvestad (2020), Doktorgradsundersøkelsen 2019: En spørreundersøkelse blant doktorer (ph.d.) som disputerte i 2013, 2014 eller 2015 [Doctoral survey 2019: A survey of PhDs who defended their thesis in 2013, 2014 or 2015], Nordisk institutt for studier av innovasjon, forskning og utdanning (NIFU) [Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education], https://nifu.brage.unit.no/nifu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2678938/NIFUrapport2020-19.pdf.
- Tellmann, S. et al. (2019), Karriere og arbeidsvilkår i norsk akademia: Resultater fra en survey blant vitenskapelig ansatte [Careers and working conditions in Norwegian academia: Results from a survey of academic staff], Nordisk institutt for studier av innovasjon, forskning og utdanning (NIFU) [Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education], https://nifu.brage.unit.no/nifu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2583279/NIFUrapport2019-2.pdf (accessed on 24 April 2025).
- Wendt, K., H. Gunnes and D. Aksnes (2022), “International migration of researchers and gender imbalance in academia—the case of Norway”, Scientometrics, Vol. 127/12, pp. 7575-7591, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-022-04365-y.
- Wollscheid, S. et al. (2025), “Gendered Time-Use Patterns in Academic Activities Among Researchers in Germany and Norway”, Higher Education Policy, https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-024-00385-w.
Find out more about other countries
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