This section presents a set of key indicators related to research and innovation (R&I) talent development, labour market dynamics, and talent circulation, with the target country highlighted for comparison.
ReICO
Spain
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Key indicators
Doctoral graduates as a share of master’s graduates
Doctorate degree holders per thousand workforce (25-64 years)
R&D personnel per thousand employment, FTE
R&D labour costs for internal R&D personnel, per FTE R&D personnel
Net flow of international scientific authors, % of total authors
Policies on human resources for research and innovation in Spain
Explore national policies related to human resources for research and innovation through the dedicated Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP) Compass platform.
National studies, publications and initiatives overview in Spain
- Aramayona, J. et al. (2023), “La desafección por la carrera investigadora en matemáticas: Diferencias entre hombres y mujeres. [Disaffection with research careers in mathematics: Differences between men and women.]”, Gaceta de la RSME (Real Sociedad Matemática Española), Vol. 26/1, pp. 63-86, https://gaceta.rsme.es/abrir.php?id=1725.
- Castro, L. et al. (2023), La promoción interna en las escalas científicas en el CSIC (OEP 2016-2020): diferencias por sexo [Internal promotion in the scientific scales of the CSIC (OEP 2016-2020): differences by gender ], Digital.CSIC, https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/342260.
- Cruz-Castro, L., K. Jonkers and L. Sanz-Menéndez (2016), “International Mobility of Spanish Doctorate Holders”, in The Science and Technology Labor Force, Springer International Publishing, Cham, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27210-8_8.
- Cruz-Castro, L., D. K. Ginther and L. Sanz-Menéndez (2023), “Gender and underrepresented minorities differences in research funding”, in Handbook of Public Funding of Research, Edward Elgar Publishing, https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800883086.00025.
- Cruz-Castro, L. and L. Sanz-Menéndez (2023), “Gender bias in funding evaluation: A randomized experiment”, Quantitative Science Studies, Vol. 4/3, pp. 594-621, https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00263.
- Institute for Public Goods and Policies (n.d.), DOC-TRACK: STEM Doctoral graduates and inventive activities in four European countries, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, https://ipp.csic.es/es/research-project/stem-doctoral-graduates-inventive-activities-four-european-countries-doc-track.
- Sanz-Menéndez, L. and L. Cruz-Castro (2018), “University academics’ preferences for hiring and promotion systems”, European Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 9/2, pp. 153-171, https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2018.1515029.
Find out more about other countries
- A - C
- D - I
- J - M
- N - R
- S - T
- U - Z