This section presents a set of key indicators related to research and innovation (R&I) talent development, labour market dynamics, and talent circulation, with the target country highlighted for comparison.
ReICO
Italy
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Key indicators
Doctoral graduates as a share of master’s graduates
Doctorate degree holders per thousand workforce (25-64 years)
R&D personnel per thousand employment, FTE
R&D labour costs for internal R&D personnel, per FTE R&D personnel
Net flow of international scientific authors, % of total authors
Policies on human resources for research and innovation in Italy
Explore national policies related to human resources for research and innovation through the dedicated Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP) Compass platform.
National studies, publications and initiatives overview in Italy
- AlmaLaurea (2024), Condizione Occupazionale Dei Dottori Di Ricerca. Report 2024 [Occupational Condition of PhDs. Report 2024], Consorzio Interuniversitario AlmaLaurea, https://www.almalaurea.it/sites/default/files/2024-07/dottori_occupazione_report2024.pdf.
- AlmaLaurea (2024), Condizione occupazionale dei Laureati [Graduates’ employment status], https://www.almalaurea.it/i-dati/le-nostre-indagini/condizione-occupazionale-laureati (accessed on 2025).
- AlmaLaurea (2024), Profilo Dei Dottori Di Ricerca 2023. Report 2024 [Profile of PhDs 2023. Report 2024], Consorzio Interuniversitario AlmaLaurea, https://www.almalaurea.it/sites/default/files/2024-07/dottori_profilo_report2024.pdf.
- AlmaLaurea (2024), Profilo dei laureati [Profile of graduates], https://www.almalaurea.it/i-dati/le-nostre-indagini/profilo-dei-laureati (accessed on 2025).
- Istat (2024), Condizioni di vita e reddito delle famiglie - Anno 2023 [Living conditions and household income - Year 2023], https://www.istat.it/comunicato-stampa/condizioni-di-vita-e-reddito-delle-famiglie-anno-2023/ (accessed on 2025).
- Istat (2024), Livelli Di Istruzione E Ritorni Occupazionali, Anno 2023 [Education Levels and Employment Returns, Year 2023], Istat, https://www.istat.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/REPORT-livelli-istruzione.pdf.
- Istat (2018), L’Inserimento Professionale Dei Dottori Di Ricerca [The Professional Placement of PhDs], Istat, https://www.istat.it/it/files/2018/11/Report-Dottori-di-ricerca-26nov2018.pdf.
- Istat (2018), La Partecipazione Degli Adulti Alle Attività Formative [The Participation of Adults in Training Activities], Istat, https://www.istat.it/it/files//2018/12/Report_Partecipazione_adulti.pdf.
Find out more about other countries
- A - C
- D - I
- J - M
- N - R
- S - T
- U - Z