This section presents a set of key indicators related to research and innovation (R&I) talent development, labour market dynamics, and talent circulation, with the target country highlighted for comparison.
ReICO
France
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Key indicators
Doctoral graduates as a share of master’s graduates
Doctorate degree holders per thousand workforce (25-64 years)
R&D personnel per thousand employment, FTE
R&D labour costs for internal R&D personnel, per FTE R&D personnel
Net flow of international scientific authors, % of total authors
Policies on human resources for research and innovation in France
Explore national policies related to human resources for research and innovation through the dedicated Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP) Compass platform.
National studies, publications and initiatives overview in France
- Ministère chargé de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (2025), État de l'Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation en France n°18 [State of Higher Education, Research and Innovation in France, No. 18.], published September 2025.
- Gabriele BALLARINO and Stefano CANTALINI (2025), The PhD Premium: Diverging Occupational Returns to the PhD Credential in 20 European Countries, article number 2.
- Lionne KOENS (2025), Honkvast, uit of homerun Internationale mobiliteit van wetenschappers [Stay, Strike Out, or Hit a Home Run: International Mobility of Scientists], Rathenau Instituut.
Find out more about other countries
- A - C
- D - I
- J - M
- N - R
- S - T
- U - Z