Progress in Implementing the European Union Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence (Volume 1): Slovak Republic

Table of contents

• Set enabling conditions for AI development and uptake in the European Union
• Make the European Union the right place: Excellence from lab to the market
• Ensure AI technologies work for people
• Build strategic leadership in priority sectors

The European Union (EU) Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a strategic initiative by the European Commission and EU Member States to promote AI development, investment and co-operation. In 2024, the OECD conducted a survey and interviews to take stock of implementation progress made by the EU Member States in implementing the actions set in the EU Coordinated Plan on AI. Drawing on the information collected, the OECD prepared country notes for each EU Member State. This document presents the country note for Slovak Republic, which summarises key initiatives and implementation progress.

Key messages

• The Slovak Republic’s artificial intelligence (AI) policy plans are detailed, comprehensive and embedded in international frameworks and comprehensive digital development: While the Slovak Republic does not yet have a specific AI strategy, its digital strategies and action plans, which include sections on AI, are closely linked to European Union (EU), OECD and other international frameworks, correspond to each other and are detailed and comprehensive in their goals, activities and key performance indicators (KPIs).

• AI enablers are supported under its digital policy framework: Strategies and initiatives for data and computational infrastructure as well as research and support for entrepreneurial activity in the field of digitalisation are wide-ranging and cover aspects important to the development and use of AI.

• Building on the Slovak Republic’s education system, enhancing digital skills is a major focus, underpinned by a curriculum reform to educate pupils on AI from primary education onwards.

• The Slovak Republic actively supports the use of AI across a range of industries, including strategies and hubs in the public sector, as well as in mobility, the environment and health.

Set enabling conditions for AI development and uptake in the European Union

Acquire, pool and share policy insights

The Slovak Republic currently does not have a dedicated AI strategy. The co‑ordination of AI policy initiatives across ministries and agencies is managed through several mechanisms and instruments, with the key strategic documents including:

• The 2030 Digital Transformation Strategy for Slovakia (MIRRI, 2019[1]), a comprehensive policy document aimed at guiding the Slovak Republic’s digital transformation over the current decade. This strategy is part of the country’s broader efforts to enhance its digital economy, improve public services and foster innovation through the adoption of digital technologies, with emphasis on innovative technologies including AI, the Internet of Things (IoT), fifth-generation cellular network technology (5G), big data, blockchain and high-performance computing (HPC). It is co‑ordinated through the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister for Investments and Informatization and contains a chapter on methods and tools of implementation, as well as measures divided into the short (2019-22) and long-term (2022-23) horizons.

• The Action Plan for Digital Transformation of Slovakia 2023‑2026 (MIRRI, 2023[2]), is a comprehensive roadmap for the Slovak Republic’s digital transformation, aiming to increase the digitalisation of the Slovak economy, especially targeting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and innovative businesses to ensure that the country remains competitive in the digital era. The action plan includes goals, measures, activities, targets, KPIs and assigned budgets in four areas (digitising the wider economy, digital infrastructure, promoting the potential of AI and digital society), with an annual monitoring system in place.

• The National Digital Skills Strategy of the Slovak Republic and the Action Plan 2023–2026, a strategic document developed by the Ministry of Investment, Regional Development and Informatization of the Slovak Republic (MIRRI) in collaboration with the National Coalition for Digital Skills and Jobs (Digitalna Koalicia, 2022[3]). This strategy aims to enhance the digital skills of Slovak citizens, ensuring they are equipped to meet the challenges of digital transformation. The document outlines key priorities, including the development of information and communication technology (ICT) specialists, improving digital literacy among young people and educators, enhancing digital skills for workforce participants, increasing the participation of women in ICT, and reducing digital exclusion. It aligns with the European Union’s 2030 Digital Compass, the European Commission’s Digital Education Action Plan 2021‑2027 and OECD recommendations. The strategy includes specific measures, goals, activities and KPIs, with an annual monitoring system to track progress.

• The National Digital Decade Strategic Roadmap of the Slovak Republic (MIRRI, 2024[4]), a strategic document prepared by MIRRI with partners from the public, private and non-governmental sectors. The roadmap outlines the Slovak Republic’s approach to digital transformation within the framework of the EU Digital Decade initiative and details how the country will contribute to and benefit from this digital transformation. The national roadmap includes goals, measures, activities, targets, KPIs and assigned budgets in four areas (digital skills, digital infrastructure, digital transformation of businesses and digitalisation of public services).

The various documents are currently in the process of being harmonised into one comprehensive AI strategy, aligning with the Digital Decade roadmap.

The creation of these action plans and strategies involved working groups of experts (from academia, industry) collaborating with public servants. Additionally, two independent co‑ordination mechanisms support AI policies in the Slovak Republic:

• The Standing Commission on Ethics and Regulation of Artificial Intelligence (CERAI) is an independent expert and advisory body established by MIRRI, founded in 2020 to assess ethical, socio-social and legal issues related to the research, development, deployment and use of technologies that incorporate AI elements and systems.

• AIslovakIA is a non-profit platform focused on advancing AI in the Slovak Republic by bringing together experts from academia, industry, government and international institutions to collaborate on AI development. The platform’s goals include enhancing AI infrastructure, promoting education, fostering AI dialogue among stakeholders and addressing AI-related challenges through a dedicated think tank.

The Slovak Republic has also introduced the Institutional and Coordination Framework for Digital Transformation, which aims to enhance governance mechanisms and streamline digital transformation efforts across sectors. A recent policy proposal commissioned by MIRRI outlines key governance mechanisms, including:

• The Government Council for Digitalization proposed as the central co‑ordination body to streamline digital policy decisions and improve interagency co‑operation.

• The Special Task Force for Digital Governance recommended for formalisation to enhance co‑ordination among policymakers, regulators and stakeholders overseeing the digital market.

• A structured digital policy framework, consisting of a Digital Policy Map, Digital Policy Forum and Expert Directory, designed to support cross-sector collaboration and informed policy making.

• An analysis of the feasibility of establishing a Central Authority for Digital Market Oversight, aimed at assessing regulatory gaps and improving the Slovak Republic’s compliance with EU digital legislation.

This governance framework seeks to strengthen policy co‑ordination, advance the Slovak Republic’s digital transformation initiatives and ensure alignment with EU digital regulations.

Tap into the potential of data and foster critical computing capacity

The Slovak Republic’s digital strategies and action plans notably include policies, goals and actions to create a suitable environment for AI development and uptake. There are several initiatives to increase the availability of high-quality data for AI purposes, including next-generation cloud edge technologies and HPC.

Table 1. Set enabling conditions for AI development and uptake in the European Union: Key initiatives

Name	Start year (period covered)	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
2030 Digital Transformation Strategy for Slovakia	2019	The strategy mentions the importance of edge technologies in the context of the Slovak Republic’s digital future, highlighting the need to invest in and develop edge computing capabilities as part of the country’s digital infrastructure to support industries like manufacturing, Smart Cities and autonomous systems. Edge technologies are seen as critical for improving latency, enhancing data processing speeds and enabling real-time decision making.	Not reported
Action Plan for Digital Transformation of Slovakia 2023‑2026	2022	The action plan provides specific steps and measures to be implemented over a four-year period, focusing on digital and data transformation. The plan also includes initiatives to support the development and adoption of cloud technologies in the public and private sectors, with an emphasis on enhancing cybersecurity, data governance and interoperability. The plan further outlines measures aimed at promoting the development and deployment of edge technologies. The plan emphasises the integration of edge computing with other emerging technologies such as 5G, IoT and AI. By fostering collaboration between public institutions, private sector entities and academic institutions, the plan aims to build a robust ecosystem for edge technology development.	Not reported
National Digital Decade Strategic Roadmap of the Slovak Republic	2024	The roadmap includes efforts to boost investment in cloud infrastructure as part of its goals for digital transformation. This plan aims to ensure that the Slovak Republic meets its targets for digital infrastructure, including widespread adoption of cloud services, by 2030. The roadmap also contains components related to edge technologies, notably including targets for the deployment of edge computing infrastructure across various sectors, particularly in areas where low latency and real-time data processing are crucial.	Not reported
National Concept of Public Administration Informatization (NKIVS)	2021	The NKIVS provides the framework for the informatisation of public administration, focusing on digital and data transformations as well as integration of cloud services into public administration processes, promoting the use of next‑generation cloud technologies to improve efficiency, accessibility and security in government operations. It includes guidelines on adopting cloud services within public administration, ensuring secure and efficient digital services (MIRRI, 2021[5]).	Not reported
Methodological Guidelines for Cloud Services	2021	These guidelines outline best practices and recommendations for integrating cloud services in public administration, supporting the goals of the NKIVS, focusing on security, interoperability and cost-efficiency in using cloud technologies.	Not reported
Development and construction of a supercomputer (Slovak Academy of Sciences)	Not reported	This project aims to construct HPC capacities, adding to the procurement and operation of publicly accessible national HPC infrastructure, which is set to serve not only the academic community, but also public and state administration institutions, as well as private research and development.	EUR 79.5 million (of which EUR 70 million via the EU Recovery and Resilience Facility, RRF)
Important Project on Common European Interest in Microelectronics and Communication Technologies (IPCEI ME/CT), including communication technologies	Not reported	Four Slovak companies have been approved by the European Commission to support research, innovation and the first industrial deployment of microelectronics and communication technologies across the value chain.	EUR 20 million (under the IPCEI/RRF)
Slovak Quantum Communication Infrastructure	Not reported	The project is implemented by the Institute of Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences.	EUR 8.2 million (under the RRF)
Institutional and Coordination Framework for Digital Transformation	2024	This governance framework aims to enhance policy co‑ordination, streamline digital transformation efforts and align the Slovak Republic’s regulatory approach with EU digital regulations. It includes key mechanisms such as the Government Council for Digitalization, the Special Task Force for Digital Governance and an analysis of the feasibility of establishing a Central Authority for Digital Market Oversight.	Not reported

Make the European Union the right place: Excellence from lab to the market

The Government of the Slovak Republic has launched several initiatives to strengthen and mobilise AI research capacities across the country, including the creation of centres of excellence and a wide range of funding programmes. Multiple initiatives have been put in place by the Slovak Business Agency and the Ministry of Economy to help SMEs adopt digital and novel technologies, including AI.

Table 2. Make the European Union the right place: Excellence from lab to the market: Key initiatives

Name	Start year (period covered)	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
Slovak Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (AISlovakia)/ National Artificial Intelligence Platform	2018	AISlovakia (originally Slovak.AI) was established in 2019 as a platform for excellence in AI and as a platform connecting students, researchers, entrepreneurs, teachers, investors and all others engaged in AI. As the National Artificial Intelligence Platform, it is overseen by the Center for Artificial Intelligence (CUI), a non-profit association of legal entities that originated from the civic association Slovak.AI. The platform’s vision is to create a space for active collaboration between the academic community, employers, government representatives, international institutions and individuals, with the goal of fully developing the potential of AI.	Financial support is provided by the state budget
Regional AI hubs at universities	Not reported	Several regional universities have established AI research departments or hubs focusing on specific AI applications, often in collaboration with local industries.	Not reported
European Digital Innovation Hubs (EDIHs)	2024	EDIHs in the Slovak Republic include: HealthHub – Center of Innovative Healthcare: helps hospitals and other healthcare facilities with digital transformation and digital innovations. Cassovium: creates a unique platform to support the implementation and development of digital technologies in the Eastern Slovak Republic. Expandi 4.0: assists SMEs with digital transformation. It guides them through the processes of digital innovation, develops the competencies and skills needed to carry them out. Hopero: helps companies and public institutions with the preparation and implementation of AI, obtaining funding and connecting experts and innovators within the Slovak Republic’s innovation ecosystem. Slovak Centre for Digital Innovations (SCDI): focuses on the digital transformation of SMEs, with an emphasis on the environment, workforce and the development of the digital technology industry. KInIT: an independent, non-profit institute dedicated to intelligent technology research, bringing together and nurturing experts in AI and other areas of computer science, from both private and public sectors. The implementation and launch of EDIHs are overseen by MIRRI.	The project is funded by the EU and the Recovery and Resilience Facility under Component 17: Digital Slovakia
Strategic materials of the Ministry of Investment, Regional Development and Informatization of the Slovak Republic (MIRRI)	Not reported	The government has included specific measures into its strategic materials to support education focused on improving digital skills within SMEs, including training on how to integrate AI into their operations.	Not reported

Ensure AI technologies work for people

Nurture talent and improve the supply of skills necessary to enable a thriving AI ecosystem

Several initiatives and programmes have been implemented for the Slovak education system to improve skills related to AI, including in transversal digital skills in primary and secondary education as well as vocational training, dedicated university subjects in AI, as well as larger digital skills awareness campaigns.

Table 3. Ensure AI technologies work for people: Key initiatives

Name	Start year (period covered)	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
Component 7, Reform 1 of the curriculum reform of the Slovak education system	Not reported	The Slovak education system is preparing to improve skills related to AI, primarily through curriculum and textbook reform for primary and secondary education as well as vocational training. These topics are included in the areas of computer literacy, digital society, media literacy skills and exploration of traditional and modern technical environments.	EUR 95.5 million (via the RRF)
National “IT Academy” project on the creation of study materials for new and innovative subjects in the field of AI	Not reported	A national “IT Academy” project has focused on creating study materials for new and innovative subjects in the field of AI in higher education institutions. These subjects include topics such as introduction to neural networks, neural networks, AI and programming languages for AI (MIRRI, 2021[6]). See Box 1.	EUR 11.7 million (for the entire National IT Academy project, not specifically on AI)
Support for the Digital Transformation of Education (DiTEdu)	Not reported	One of the goals of this project is to create innovative teaching methodologies for pre‑schools, primary schools and secondary schools that will reflect the latest trends in digitalisation. See Box 1.	Not reported
AI-specific programmes	Not reported	Twenty-two AI-specific degree programmes are offered at six Slovak universities (AIpoint.SK, 2025[7]).	Not reported

Box 1. Support for the Digital Transformation of Education

The goal of national project Support for the Digital Transformation of Education (DiTEdu) is to create innovative teaching methodologies for pre‑schools, primary schools and secondary schools that will reflect the latest trends in digitalisation. It builds upon the project of the National IT Academy along with partners Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice (UPJŠ) and Comenius University in Bratislava (UK), the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic (MŠVVaM SR), to create study materials for new and innovative subjects in the field of AI, including topics such as introduction to neural networks, AI, and programming languages for AI.

The project will be implemented, divided into nine sub-activities with nationwide impact. These will involve the formal and informal training of school digital co‑ordinators, principals, teaching and professional staff in kindergartens, primary and secondary schools, of students of teaching programmes at universities, updating and creating innovative methodologies, networking schools and staff, certifying the quality of digital schools, and popularisation. Educational research aims to improve the quality of support provided, ensure the safety of digital transformation, considering its risks, and communicate acquired knowledge to the international community.

The activity is divided into nine sub-activities:

1. Education and continuous methodological support for school digital co‑ordinators.

2. Adaptation of the EU Digital Competence Framework for Educators (DigCompEdu) to undergraduate education and professional development of teaching and professional staff of kindergartens, primary and secondary schools.

3. Creation and use of methodological materials to support the digital transformation of education.

4. Creation of a community of co‑operation with other organisations and departments of the MŠVVaM SR, the academic community, primary and secondary schools, public administration and self-government bodies, other entities, and the public in the field of utilising and exchanging practitioner experiences in the field of digital transformation of education.

5. Creation of analyses, expert opinions, standards, recommendations, criteria and mechanisms for implementing measures in the field of digital transformation of education.

6. Implementation and support of educational research in the field of digital transformation of education.

7. Preparation, implementation and certification of the quality of educational content, teaching methods and schools of digital excellence.

8. Experimental verification of a new study programme Gymnasium with a focus on informatics.

9. Popularisation activities and support for public awareness of the needs of digital transformation of education.

The National Center for the Digital Transformation of Education (with workplaces at UPJŠ in Košice and UK in Bratislava, involving expert practitioners from other universities, the MŠVVaŠ, the National Institute of Education and Youth and is partner of the project. The project is supported of the European Social Fund (ESF+) under the Slovak Republic Programme.

Build strategic leadership in priority sectors

The Slovak Republic is leveraging AI across a number of sectors, with particularly pronounced initiatives to foster AI in the public sector, as well as strategies and initiatives in the areas of climate and the environment, as well as mobility. The Slovak Republic did not report any use of AI in the fields of agriculture, agrifood, food industry, forestry, bioeconomy and rural development.

State of AI in healthcare

The Slovak Republic has developed a robust health data governance framework, beginning with the 2005 National eHealth Roadmap, which focused on data quality, interoperability and establishing key infrastructures such as the National Health Information System (Národné Centrum Zdravotníckych Informácií, NCZI) and electronic health records (EHRs) (Duplaga et al., 2007[8]). These efforts were aimed at creating a standardised, accessible health data infrastructure to support healthcare professionals and enhance accessibility for citizens (NHIC, 2011[9]). In 2017, the Slovak Republic made EHRs mandatory and the eHealth (eZdravie) system was launched in 2018, allowing for secure sharing of patient data among healthcare providers (NCZI, 2024[10]). Despite these advancements, the Slovak Republic faces barriers to widespread EHR adoption, particularly among healthcare professionals, although awareness campaigns and mobile applications are being developed to increase system use (Ševcová, 2020[11]).

The eHealth system is centralised under the NCZI, which ensures cohesion and promotes interoperability by adopting international standards like the Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine – Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) (NCZI, 2021[12]). This centralisation also supports the integration of AI in healthcare, although collaboration between the Ministry of Health and other governmental bodies remains a challenge, as the ministry often operates independently, hindering broader national digital innovation efforts. The Slovak Republic is advancing frameworks for the secondary use of health data, supporting research and AI development through secure national platforms that ensure controlled data access for researchers and developers (MIRRI, 2019[1]). However, concerns about the capacity of the NCZI to manage the increasing volume of health data persist. To address these, the Slovak Republic plans to leverage cloud computing for enhanced data storage and processing (Oderkirk, 2021[13]; MIRRI, 2019[1]). Looking ahead, the Digital Transformation Strategy aims to develop personalised mobile medicine frameworks and improve the sharing of EHRs and medical imaging by 2030. It emphasises the importance of safeguarding sensitive personal data alongside healthcare technology advancements, balancing innovation with patient rights (MIRRI, 2019[1]).

Table 4. Build strategic leadership in priority sectors: Key initiatives

Name	Start year (period covered)	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
Climate and environment
Decarbonisation of industry	2021(-23)	This initiative focuses on reducing greenhouse gas emissions by supporting industrial projects through a competitive decarbonisation scheme. The scheme encourages the adoption of low-carbon processes and technologies in various industries, as well as measures aimed at improving energy efficiency. This initiative is part of the broader environmental and climate goals within the Slovak Republic’s national energy and climate plans for 2021-30 (NIKA, 2021[14]).	Not reported
REPowerEU – Support for Sustainable Biomass	2022	This initiative focuses on the sustainable use of biomass for energy purposes. It includes the assessment of sustainable biomass availability and its impacts on carbon capture, biodiversity and air quality. The goal is to ensure that biomass utilisation does not increase pressure on protected areas or lead to intensified logging in national parks. This initiative is part of the REPowerEU plan, specifically related to the sustainable use of bioresources in the context of the Slovak Republic’s energy transformation (NIKA, 2022[15]).	Not reported
Support for geothermal energy	2022	This initiative involves the assessment and potential expansion of geothermal energy usage in the Slovak Republic. It includes the "passportisation" of geothermal wells to evaluate their potential and promote geothermal heating technologies. The information gathered will be made publicly available to encourage further investments. This initiative is also part of the REPowerEU plan, aimed at reducing reliance on fossil fuels by tapping into the Slovak Republic’s geothermal energy potential.	Not reported
Health
TEF-Health - AI in Medical Imaging	2024	TEF-Health, an initiative by the European Commission, aims to accelerate the adoption of AI and robotics in healthcare. In the Slovak Republic, it focuses on using AI to analyse radiological images, enhancing the speed and accuracy of diagnoses for radiologists (EC, 2021[16]; Karolinska Institutet, 2024[17]).	EUR 8.62 million
HealthHub - Center for Innovative Healthcare	2023	The Center for Innovative Healthcare, an EDIH, aims to drive structural reforms, innovation and digital transformation in the Slovak Republic’s healthcare sector to enhance quality and efficiency. By end 2025, it plans to establish a network of key Slovak companies and public institutions dedicated to modern healthcare solutions, with AI as in healthcare as a priority area (Health Hub Slovakia, 2024[18]; ITAPA, 2024[19]).	Not reported
Digital Health Slovakia	2023	Digital Health Slovakia is a non-profit association dedicated to promoting interoperability and standardisation in healthcare within the Slovak Republic. It supports sustainable, patient-centric healthcare by fostering a community of digital health standards users and experts (Echalliance, 2024[20]).	Not reported
Powerful medical cardio mobile application	2024	This clinical assistant tool allows healthcare professionals to interpret an electrocardiogram (ECG), a recording of the heart’s electrical activity, with the precision of a top cardiologist (MZV, 2024[21]).	Not reported
Seerlinq	2022	This company leverages machine learning to analyse physiological data, tailoring treatment and diagnostics for cardiovascular diseases. It provides innovative tools that enhance patient care by improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment personalisation (Seerlinq, 2024[22]).	Not reported
2030 Digital Transformation Strategy for Slovakia	2022	In the health sector, the 2030 Digital Transformation Strategy for Slovakia focuses on adopting digital innovations such as telemedicine, personalised healthcare through data insights and secure digital health records to improve accessibility, efficiency and quality of healthcare. These efforts aim to enhance patient outcomes, support preventive care and ensure equitable access across the population (MIRRI, 2019[1]).	Not reported
Public sector
Experimental regulatory environments for AI	Not reported	The Action Plan of Digital Transformation of Slovakia 2023-2026 emphasises the importance of leveraging AI for improving public sector efficiency and policy making. This strategy includes the development of experimental regulatory environments for AI. The first step of this project involved preparing a feasibility study for establishing an AI sandbox; the study proposed a set of legislative and technical tools, including a legal framework on the AI sandbox, necessary personnel capacities and technical requirements. Based on this study, the preparatory phase of this pilot project is scheduled for 2025. This phase will include a legislative analysis in connection with Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council, dated 13 June 2024, as well as the development of processes and methodologies for implementing the AI sandbox and project documentation for the information system.	Not reported
European Digital Innovation Hubs (EDIHs)	2023	EDIHs in the Slovak Republic play a crucial role in supporting the uptake of AI and other innovative technologies in public sector organisations. These hubs provide resources, expertise and support for implementing AI-driven solutions to enhance public service delivery.	Not reported
AI for policy making	Not reported	The Slovak government is exploring the use of AI for data-driven policy making. This involves using AI to analyse large datasets to identify trends, predict outcomes and inform policy decisions. Such initiatives aim to make policy making more evidence-based and effective.	Not reported
MIRRI Information hub for AI	2024	The new website, created in collaboration with National Artificial Intelligence Platform AISlovakia, aims to provide easy access to relevant legislation, documents and initiatives in the field of AI. It is part of fulfilling the measures of the Action Plan for Digital Transformation of Slovakia 2023-2026. The platform’s main goal is to offer both experts and the general public access to information on AI legislation, events and study programmes related to AI.	Not reported
Mobility
Strategic Transport Development Plan of the Slovak Republic until 2030	2016(-30)	The document highlights the systematic development of intelligent transport systems (ITS) to integrate AI technologies into transport infrastructure. The plan emphasises the need for a cohesive national transport information system that leverages AI for real-time traffic management and other automated functions. For road transport, the development of peripheral infrastructure on highways and major roads to support intelligent transport technologies is a priority. Additionally, the plan mentions the enhancement of multimodal transport models, which involve AI-based systems for better planning and operational efficiency. For rail transport, the plan includes the continued modernisation of the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) and the European Train Control System (ETCS), both of which involve AI technologies for automation and safety improvements. The development of the River Information Services (RIS) for water transport also features AI-driven systems aimed at improving navigational safety and operational efficiency. These initiatives reflect the Slovak Republic’s commitment to adopting and advancing AI technologies across its transport sectors to improve functionality, safety and efficiency in alignment with broader EU standards and goals.	Not reported

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The full book is available in English: OECD (2025), Progress in Implementing the European Union Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence (Volume 1): Member States’ Actions, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/533c355d-en.

 

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