Progress in Implementing the European Union Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence (Volume 1): Poland

Table of contents

• Set enabling conditions for AI development and uptake in the European Union
• Make the European Union the right place: Excellence from lab to the market
• Ensure AI technologies work for people
• Build strategic leadership in priority sectors

The European Union (EU) Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a strategic initiative by the European Commission and EU Member States to promote AI development, investment and co-operation. In 2024, the OECD conducted a survey and interviews to take stock of implementation progress made by the EU Member States in implementing the actions set in the EU Coordinated Plan on AI. Drawing on the information collected, the OECD prepared country notes for each EU Member State. This document presents the country note for Poland, which summarises key initiatives and implementation progress.

Key messages

• Poland announced plans in artificial Intelligence (AI) policy in November 2024, including a new Artificial Intelligence Fund of approximately EUR 235 million (PLN 1 billion) and a new cross-governmental AI Council to oversee implementation of projects and guide AI policy making. This announcement follows the publication of a new comprehensive national digitalisation strategy (which also includes goals on AI) in October 2024.

• Previously, Poland’s 2020 national AI strategy drew from European Union (EU) AI and other national technology and innovation policy frameworks, giving direction to and monitoring AI-related measures across different parts of the government. AI policy in Poland has so far been governed through the governance centre for AI at the Chancellery of the Prime Minister and under the chair of the Ministry of Digital Affairs and the Council of Ministers Committee for Digital Affairs, while several multistakeholder bodies related to AI, spanning business and academia, provided advice on AI policy and implementation.

• Poland has announced EUR 2.5 billion investment in key enablers for AI development: A leader in terms of data governance in the European Union, particularly with regard to government data (according to Open Data Maturity reports), the government and is actively investing in data processing power, including a fund of EUR 650 million to support companies’ cloud needs (via the EU Recovery and Resilience Facility or RRF), in addition to its participation in the Important Project of Common European Interest on Next-Generation Cloud Infrastructure and Services (IPCEI-CIS) (EUR 217 million) and computing power (including EUR 1.8 billion for semiconductors), and a new AI Factory (EUR 16 million).

• There are numerous AI research initiatives, including an AI centre of excellence (EUR 4.6 million), a project to develop the Polish Large Language Model (PLLuM) (EUR 3.4 million) and several broader digital/information technology (IT)/cyber research programmes with AI elements.

• Business implementation initiatives (including support for start-ups and small and medium-sized enterprises or SMEs) can be used to developed AI use cases but tend to have a broader remit of innovation and technology in Poland, with some AI-specific initiatives in place and under development.

• Developing digital and AI skills is a priority in Poland: Several AI-specific programmes are in place, the largest of which focusing on developing specialists through university-level courses, with other (pilot) programmes targeting AI and broader digital skills development of students in secondary education, youth, teachers, business leaders, women and the general population.

• Different parts of the government have implemented sector-specific initiatives to support AI use cases, including in the energy, healthcare, public and agricultural sectors.

Set enabling conditions for AI development and uptake in the European Union

Acquire, pool and share policy insights

In November 2024, Poland’s government announced the creation of a new Artificial Intelligence Fund of approximately EUR 235 million (PLN 1 billion) and an AI Council. The AI Council will bring together the several state institutions involved in the distribution of public funds for the development of AI: the Ministries of Digital Affairs, of Education and of Defence, the Polish Development Fund (PFR), the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR) and the National Development Bank (BGK). As an advisory body tasked with overseeing and co‑ordinating investments and activities related to the development of AI in Poland, the council will also develop guidelines to support the implementation of safe and ethical AI, design programmes to allocate funds for specific projects and monitor the development of the AI market in Poland (Government of Poland, 2024[1]).

In October 2024, the government had already published a new national digitalisation strategy, the goals of which include the creation of a robust AI ecosystem, e.g. enabling 50% of business to adopt AI tools, as well as – for digitalisation more broadly – the creation of a central co‑ordination body, establishment of digital transformation offices in all ministries, regular monitoring and evaluation mechanisms (Government of Poland, 2024[2]).1

Prior to these announcements, Poland’s national AI strategy, i.e. Policy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Poland from 2020, had been released in January 2021 and builds on a number of national and international initiatives, including the EU Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence and other EU2 and regional3 documents, as well as a number of national programmes and strategies.4

The strategy sets out activities the following six key areas: i) AI and society; ii) AI and innovative companies; iii) AI and science; iv) AI and education; v) AI and international co‑operation; and vi) AI and the public sector. For each key area, it highlights the “strategic partners”, including the responsible ministries, policy initiatives to develop, co‑operating entities and key objectives until 2023 (short-term), until 2027 (medium-term) and after 2027 (long-term) (Government of Poland, 2021[3]; 2021[4]).

No overall budget envelope was allocated to the 2020 AI strategy. Instead, it presented the main public programmes supporting the development of innovation and innovative enterprises, which also enabled financing projects related to the development and implementation of AI-based solutions.

With regard to AI governance arrangements, Poland had previously established a governance centre for the national AI strategy, located at the Chancellery of the Prime Minister and under the chair of the Ministry of Digital Affairs and the Council of Ministers Committee for Digital Affairs. The centre includes the AI policy Task Force, the Scientific Council for AI, the AI Observatory for the Labour Market, the Observatory of international AI Policy, as well as the legal task force for changing regulations. Additionally, Poland is planning to establish a new regulatory office, the Supervisory Commission for Artificial Intelligence (KNSI), modelled on its Polish Financial Supervision Authority; the commission would examine whether AI – especially high-risk models used in healthcare, justice or transport – meets all requirements, including certification and data provenance monitoring.

Poland has several structures in place to utilise private expertise for public AI policy: the multistakeholder Working Group on AI (Grupa Robocza ds. Sztucznej Inteligencji, GRAI) (Government of Poland, 2021[5]) has developed recommendations on AI policy; GRAI has recently merged with the Working Group on Internet of Things (Grupa Robocza ds. Internetu Rzeczy, GRIoT) (Government of Poland, 2024[6]), and most recently, in December 2024, suggested priorities and projects in the Policy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Poland 2025-2030 (Government of Poland, 2024[7]). Additionally, in February 2024, a multistakeholder advisory team PL/AI Artificial intelligence for Poland (Sztuczna inteligencja dla Polski) was appointed.

Tap into the potential of data and foster critical computing capacity

Poland’s policy and institutional arrangement to data usage and cloud policies are well-developed: The country ranks second in the European Union for open data maturity (EC, 2024[8]) and has allocated resources to harmonise cloud infrastructure across the public administration. Furthermore, it supports the digital transformation of enterprises through cloud computing technologies, predominantly through funds from the national Recovery and Resilience Plan (RRP).

While public data processing investments focus on enhancing public sector capabilities, several private associations5 and consortia work to co‑ordinate computing resources. For instance, the PL-Grid Consortium consolidates national computing resources for science and provides IT support services. Through the EuroCC National Competence Centre (funded under the European High-Performance Computing Joint Undertaking, HPC JU), the computation centres encourage Polish entrepreneurs, especially from the SME sector, to use their services.

A member of the Chips Joint Undertaking, Poland also has a national strategy for semiconductor investments, and is collaborating with EU partners on building a quantum supercomputer.

Table 1. Set enabling conditions for AI development and uptake in the European Union: Key initiatives

Name	Start year (period covered)	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
Poland’s Public Open Data Programme, part of the National Integrated Informatisation Programme (Program Zintegrowanej Informatyzacji Państwa, PZIP)	2019(-24)	This programme, part of PZIP, is an initiative aimed at enhancing the accessibility and usability of public sector information. It is also part of Poland’s broader strategy to foster an open data culture, aligning with EU directives on open data and the reuse of public sector information (Government of Poland, 2020[9]) The main objective of PZIP is the modernisation of public administration using digital technologies to increase the efficiency of the state and improve the quality of relations between the administration and citizens and other stakeholders. Further programmes that are part of the implementation of PZIP and under which the activities will be financed include: the Cybersecurity Strategy of the Republic of Poland for 2019-2024 the National Broadband Plan the Policy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Poland from 2020 the Digital Competence Development Programme the E-health Development Programme for 2022-2027 the Digital Transformation of Education Policy (in progress).	Not reported PZIP is also a reference for the European Funds for Digital Development 2021-2027 (FERC) programme and the National Recovery Plan (KPO).
Open Data Programme (Program otwierania danych, POD)	2021(-27)	The programme, jointly with the Act on Open Data and the Re-use of Public Sector Information (Ustawę o otwartych danych i ponownym wykorzystywaniu informacji sektora publicznego) covers key issues in the field of data sharing and management. It is addressed to government administration bodies and aims at: Increasing the availability of data on the portal Dane.gov.pl, including data made available via Application Programming Interface. Improving interoperability and data quality. Increasing in the use and exchange of data. Stimulating the market for the reuse of cultural resources and scientific data. Co‑operation with national and international data stakeholders. Improving the knowledge and skills of public administration staff in opening and managing data and raising public awareness of the potential of open data.	Financed mainly through the EU Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027, specifically the Digital Europe Programme; the budget of the Ministry of Digital Affairs has earmarked approximately. EUR 35 000 (PLN 150 000) for financing the programme in 2025; the sources of financing for the implementation of the activities described in the programme for the years 2021-27 may be the financial plans of individual entities involved in implementing the document, i.e. programme implementers and EU funds
Common State IT Infrastructure Program (Wspólna Infrastruktura Informatyczna Państwa, WIIP)	2019-	The WIIP includes the handbook Cloud in Government Services: Guide for Public Authorities, which aims to introduce uniform, high standards of IT system protection and support for public administration in maintaining these systems (WIIP, 2019[10]). As part of the programme, a tool for searching, comparing and acquiring cloud services, the Cloud Service Provision System (Zapewniania Usług Chmurowych, ZUCH) was made available to the public administration (Government of Poland, 2019[11]).	Co-financed by the European Union until 31.12.2023 under Measure 2.1 of the Digital Poland for 2014‑2020 operational programme (OP) (POPC.02.01.00-00-0104/19-00); Project value: approximately EUR 44 100 (PLN 188 718 396.90) Sources of financing: EU funds: Digital Poland OP; Priority axis: II E-administration and open government; Measure: 2.1 High availability and quality of public e‑services – approximately EUR 37 300 (PLN 159 712 379.29); State budget: approximately EUR 6 800 (PLN 29 006 017.61)
Polish Cloud Support Fund (Polski Fundusz Wsparcia Przetwarzania w Chmurze)	Not reported	This action aims to encourage private investments and improve access to financing for the digital transformation of Polish enterprises. Loan support may only be granted for digital transformation projects where at least 30% of the total eligible costs are related to cloud infrastructure and cloud computing services. The remaining costs are also directly related to the digital transformation of the business, e.g. increasing the use of other smart solutions, in particular the Internet of Things (IoT), AI, virtual reality/augmented reality, blockchain, three-dimensional technologies, digital twins, edge computing, backbone networks, HPC/5G (Government of Poland, 2024[12]). On 3 September 2024, representatives of the National Development Bank (Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego, BGK) and the Ministry of Digital Affairs signed an agreement entrusting BGK with the implementation of the investment (investment name: C4.1.1 Supporting the digital transformation of enterprises through the use of cloud computing technologies; investment objective: achieving the objectives set out in the European Green Deal and the national RRP; characteristics of the investment objective: supporting the digital transformation of enterprises, including activities in the area of using cloud technologies to stimulate innovation and increase the operational efficiency of Polish enterprises).	EUR 650 million, fully financed under the RRF, Action C4.1.1, Programme to support the digital transformation of enterprises by leveraging cloud computing technologies, managed by the National Development Bank
Important Project of Common European Interest on Next-Generation Cloud Infrastructure and Services (IPCEI-CIS)	2023	Poland is participating in the IPCEI-CIS with four projects, some of which include AI-specific components (8ra, 2025[13]; EC, 2023[14]; Government of Poland, 2024[15]).	Polish allocation to the IPCEI-CIS: EUR 217 million, fully financed under the national RRP. the digital transformation component of the RRF (implemented by the National Centre for Research and Development, NCBR) includes the IPCEI-CIS with a budget of EUR 104.5 million (PLN 448.2 million)
National Centre for Data Processing (Krajowe Centrum Przetwarzania Danych, KPCD)	2023(-25)	This joint project between the Digital Poland Project Centre and the Ministry of Digital Affairs, carried out with the Research and Academic Computer Network, the National Research Institute and the Central Information Technology Centre, aims to build modern processing centres ensuring the continuity and security of public administration resources (Government of Poland, 2024[16]).	Approximately EUR 22 million (PLN 93.7 million), of which approximately EUR 18 million (PLN 80.3 million) financed under the RRF and NextGenerationEU
National Data Centre of Excellence	Under development	The centre’s role is to co‑ordinate the activities of local centres providing secure and fast access to data and is currently under preparation.	Not reported
National Framework for Supporting Strategic Semiconductor Investments (Krajowe Ramy Wspierania Strategicznych Inwestycji Półprzewodnikowych)	2023	This programme is dedicated to supporting strategic semiconductor investment in Poland, aiming to cover the entire value chain from chip design to production (KIGEiT, 2023[17]; Government of Poland, 2023[18]).	Approximately EUR 1.79 billion (USD 1.84 billion) over three years: in 2024, the equivalent of USD 736 million expressed in PLN; in 2025, the equivalent of USD 552 million expressed in PLN; in 2026, the equivalent of USD 552 million expressed in PLN
EuroQCS-Poland	2025	The EuroQCS-Poland project is a joint Polish and EU institution initiative, part of the EuroHPC JU and located at the Poznań Supercomputing and Networking Center (PSNC). EuroQCS-Poland will be a digital, gate-based quantum computer, based on trapped-ions offering 20-plus physical quantum bits, with infrastructure allowing for remote access (EuroHPC JU, 2024[19]). The PSNC leads the EuroQCS-Poland consortium, handling the integration and development of hardware and software. Partners in the project are the Center for Theoretical Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Creotech Instruments S.A. and the University of Latvia (EuroHPC JU, 2024[20]).	EUR 12.28 million (50% from the EuroHPC JU and 50% from the Ministry of Digital Affairs)
AI Factory	2024	In the context of its National Digitalisation Strategy, a new AI Factory facility will be built at the Academic Computer Centre CYFRONET AGH in Kraków to boost computing power in Poland. The facility is expected to be operational by the end of 2025. The EuroHPC JU has selected six new locations across the European Union to house additional AI factories. One of these will be the PIAST AI Factory, which will develop AI research, innovation and applications in Poland and the European Union. By bridging the gap between academia, industry and government, the PIAST AI Factory supports a dynamic ecosystem for knowledge exchange and innovation in AI. Run by the Poznań Supercomputing and Networking Center (PCSS), the PIAST AI Factory collaborates with the Poznań University of Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University (UAM) and Nicolaus Copernicus University (UMK), along with regional industrial clusters and innovation centres, in particular the Wielkopolska IT and Telecommunications Cluster. The PIAST AI Factory aims to accelerate the implementation of AI technologies in academia and industry, particularly in health and life sciences, IT and cybersecurity (including quantum), space and robotics, sustainable development (energy, agriculture, and climate change) and the public sector. Leveraging the advanced HPC infrastructure of PCSS and the EuroHPC quantum computer, Piast, the factory promises to drive innovation, foster collaboration and strengthen Poland’s position in the EU HPC, quantum and AI ecosystem. The AI Factory will focus on accessibility, sustainability and cross-border collaboration, creating a platform for impactful AI applications that address pressing societal challenges while driving economic growth. Through these activities, the PIAST AI Factory aims to contribute to the realisation of a technologically sovereign and globally competitive EU AI ecosystem.	EUR 16 million (PLN 69.6 million); the financing of the construction of the AI Factory is carried out under the terms of Council Regulation (EU co-funding) 2021/1173 of 13 July 2021 establishing the EuroHPC JU and repealing Regulation (EU) 2018/1488; Euro HPC’s financial contribution to the project is 50%. The second 50% contribution is made by the host country; the government will allocate EUR 50 million for the national contribution related to the construction of this factory

Make the European Union the right place: Excellence from lab to the market

Build and mobilise research capacities, and fund and scale innovative ideas and solutions for AI (support to start-ups and SMEs)

Poland is developing several AI centres of excellence as well as other research initiatives, both specific to AI and to the wider digital ecosystem. Additionally, Poland has a variety of support instruments for innovative and technology-focused start-ups and SMEs, which often support companies with an AI focus.

Table 2. Make the European Union the right place: Excellence from lab to the market: Key initiatives

Name	Start year (period covered)	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
ARTIQ - AI Centres of Excellence	2023	In 2023, AGH University won a grant for the ARTIQ - AI Centre of Excellence through the joint undertaking from the National Science Centre (NCN) and the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR) (NCN, 2021[21]) to create a highly specialised research team to contribute to increasing Poland’s scientific and research and development (R&D) potential in the field of AI, with a project proposal entitled “Integrating reasoning, learning, optimization and interpretability for accelerated commercialisation of next-generation intelligent software systems”.	Approximately EUR 4.6 million (PLN 19.5 million), of which NCN: EUR 1 million (PLN 4.9 million) and NCBR: EUR 3.6 million (PLN 14.5 million)
Artificial Intelligence Security Research Centre (Ośrodka Badań nad Bezpieczeństwem Sztucznej Inteligencji) at the Research and Academic Computer Network (Naukowa I Akademicka Sieć Komputerowa, NASK)	2024	In December 2024, NASK announced a transformation of its AI division into the Artificial Intelligence Security Research Centre, which will focus on scientific research the field of AI, with an emphasis on cybersecurity and the safety of generative AI (Government of Poland, 2024[22]), as well as international collaboration. The centre also co-creates the family of Polish language models PLLuM and participates in the implementation of EU projects AIPITCH (concerning AI applications in cybersecurity) and HATEDEMICS (concerning hate speech).	The centre operates within the framework of internal financing by NASK-PIB, which for the purposes of R&D activities includes the amount of approx. EUR 400 000 (PLN 1.7 million) for 2025
Intelligent Digital Economy AlgorithmS (IDEAS) at the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR)	Not reported	Based on an earmarked grant from the Ministry of Science, IDEAS NCBR is an R&D centre operating in the field of AI, established by the NCBR. Its mission is to support the development of this technology in Poland by creating a platform connecting the academic and business communities, the largest space in Poland conducting innovative, world-class research, focused on the practical application of developed algorithms and their subsequent commercialisation in industry, finance, medicine and other branches of the economy (IDEAS NCBR, 2025[23]). The centre is also implementing grant projects including those funded by the European Research Council. In 2023, IDEAS joined the European Lab for Learning and Intelligent Systems and, in 2024, the AI, Data and Robotics Association (Adra).	Approx. EUR 4.7 million (PLN 20 million)
Artificial Intelligence and Data Analysis Centre (AIDA)	Not reported	AIDA is one of four management centres at the public research centre NASK, focusing on co‑ordinating, initiating and developing projects involving AI applications, taking into account the needs of the administration, cybersecurity, education and the media. The goal of AIDA is to become a Central European centre of excellence specialising in AI.	Not reported
GenAI Team at the Centre for Data Analysis, Modelling and Computational Science (Centrum Analiz, Modelowania i Nauk Obliczeniowych, CAMiNO), University of Lodz	2024	The University of Lodz has established Poland’s first university team dedicated to generative AI (UL, 2024[24]) at the CAMiNO, which pursues an interdisciplinary research approach in biology, maths, data analysis, finance, economics.	Not reported
Polish Large Language Model (PLLuM)	2024	At the request of the Ministry of Digital Affairs, a consortium of six institutions, led by Wrocław University of Science and Technology (PWr), together with Institute of Computer Science (PAN), the Institute of Slavic Studies, the Scientific and Academic Computer Network (NASK-PIB), the Information Processing Center (OPI-PIB) and the University of Lodz, has developed PLLuM, a family of AI models that allows processing and generating texts in Polish. PLLuM was presented on 24 February 2025 by the Ministry of Digital Affairs, the owner of the results and controls the development of PLLuM. PLLuM has been made available to the public (PLLuM, 2025[25]). The leader of the HIVE consortium – the Artificial Intelligence Security Research Centre at NASK – will co‑ordinate the implementation of PLLuM in public administration services.	EUR 3.4 million (PLN 14.5 million) from the Ministry of Digital Affairs; the latter will award the consortium a grant of approx. EUR 4.5 million (PLN 19 million) for further development of the project
INFOSTRATEG	2020(-29)	This NCBR strategic programme supports scientific R&D in the area of advanced information, telecommunications and mechatronic technologies. In the first quarter of 2025, the NCBR also plans to announce another, eighth competition in the INFOSTRATEG strategic programme, with the goal of developing Poland’s AI potential (Government of Poland, 2020[26]).	The assumed total budget of the programme, for years 2020-29 amounts to approx. EUR 198 million (PLN 840 million); the NCBR will allocate over approx. EUR 117 million (PLN 500 million) for the 8th INFOSTRATEG competition
Fast Track (Szybka Ścieżka)	2020	This NCBR competition is aimed at entrepreneur, business, scientific and industrial consortia, which conduct industrial research and/or experimental development projects that result in the development of an innovative solution that can be implemented in businesses and companies. Several AI-based projects have been supported (Government of Poland, 2020[27]).	Approximately EUR 282 million (PLN 1.2 billion)
Alliance for Language Technologies European Digital Infrastructure Consortium (ALT-EDIC)	2024	ALT-EDIC concentrates on AI usage in large language models. Polish institutions will participate in calls aimed at supporting ALT‑EDIC activities (EC, 2024[28]).	Budget: EUR 13 million; Project grant: approximately EUR 3‑4 million
BRIdge VC - TDJ Pitango Ventures fund	2016(-26)	Building on the NCBR Bridge VC programme to support commercialisation of Polish R&D projects (among other goals) (Government of Poland, 2025[29]) and the Polish-Israel venture capital (VC) fund TDJ Pitango Ventures (TDJ Pitango Ventures, 2025[30]), this programme helps technology start-ups access financing for R&D, and offers management and consulting assistance. So far, AI-focused companies have particularly profited from this programme. Since June 2021, the fund no longer invests in new companies and is now focused on building portfolio value and on company exits.	Overall budget: approximately EUR 34.4 million (USD 35.9 million, reported in source in USD rather than PLN), with NCBR’s share at approximately EUR 18 million (USD 18.8 million)
Polish Development Fund (PFR) Ventures	2019	This PFR project provides VC to VC firms as well as innovative companies, including AI start-ups (PFR Ventures, 2025[31]). The Ministry of Finance, the PFR and PFR Ventures have launched the PFR Deep Tech programme. The programme capital will be allocated to VC fund managers with proven experience in financing and scaling advanced technology projects, including dual-use solutions (civilian and military).	Total budget of PFR Deep Tech: approximately EUR 150 million (PLN 600 million) – approximately EUR 75 million (PLN 300 million) will be provided by the PFR, and at least EUR 75 million (PLN 300 million) is expected to be contributed by private and institutional investors
Start in Poland, 2nd edition - Acceleration Programmes	2021	This PFR programme aims to create a favourable environment for start-ups, by supporting start-up acceleration programmes. The accelerators in the competition are required to choose a minimum of 25% of start-ups operating from the following areas: space technologies, financial technology, AI, smart plastics, microelectronics, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)/augmented reality, Smart City, cybersecurity, bioeconomy, pharmaceutical biotechnology (Government of Poland, 2021[32]; AI4MSP, 2021[33]). Using the platform to find qualified and reliable AI solution providers is free for users.	Not reported
AI4MSP.pl		This online tool, administered first by the Future Industry Platform Foundation (Fundacja Platforma Przemysłu Przyszłości) and currently by the Polish Agency for Enterprise Development (PARP), was created as a co‑operation between the Ministry of Digital Affairs and Global Partnership on AI and connects start‑ups, micro businesses and SMEs looking for AI solutions with providers of AI solutions (Government of Poland, 2024[34]), free of charge for the users.	Not reported
Priority 1 of the EU Funds for Smart Economy 2021‑2027	2021(-27)	Within the programme, Priority 1 aims at directly supporting companies, with a special focus on SMEs. As an incentive to investment in R&D, entrepreneurs can apply to a flexible combination of modules that include the green and digital transitions, R&D business infrastructure, internationalisation and skills needs (EC, 2021[35]).	EU funds: EUR 7.97 million; national funds: EUR 2.03 million
Testing and experimentation facilities (TEFs)	2023	Poland is participating in two TEFs for AI. First, the Polish node of agrifoodTEF (TEFs for the agrifood domain “Innovation and co-creation of sustainable agriculture tools” harnesses the expertise and resources of high-powered computing to provide services and assistance in robotic and AI-based technologies in sectors such as arable farming and food processing. It is implemented by the Digital Transformation Center (Centrum Transformacji Cyfrowej) of the Poznań Technology Institute, part of the Instytuty Łukasiewicza, a network of business research centres (agrifoodTEF, 2023[36]). Second, Warsaw University of Technology is a partner in TEF Smart Cities & Communities project CitCom (EC, 2025[37]; Government of Poland, 2023[38]).	agrifoodTEF node: approximately EUR 5 million (PLN 11.8 million); overall:1: approximately EUR 25 million (PLN 111 million) through the RRF
European Digital Innovation Hubs (EDIHs)		There are 22 EDIHs in Poland, 11 of which are funded under the Digital Europe Programme (EC, 2025[39]).	Approximately EUR 57 million (PLN 245 million) through the RRF

Note: Overall, Poland secured funds for national contributions to TEF AI of EUR 25 million (PLN 111 million) in the European Funds for Modern Economy Programme. Competitions for TEFs have been organised by the National Centre for Research and Development (Government of Poland, 2023[40]).

Ensure AI technologies work for people

Nurture talent and improve the supply of skills necessary to enable a thriving AI ecosystem

There are various initiatives in place in Poland to familiarise students, youth, teachers, business leaders, ICT specialists, women and the general population with AI and educate them about the potential and risks.

Table 3. Ensure AI technologies work for people: Key initiatives

Name	Start year (period covered)	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
Academy of Innovative Applications of Digital Technologies (Akademia Innowacyjnych Zastosowań Technologii Cyfrowych, AI Tech)	2021(-27)	AI Tech is a co‑operation project between five universities to develop a model for the systemic training of specialists in the field of AI, machine learning (ML) and cybersecurity. The solution developed, consisting of second-cycle university study programme, tutoring, IT projects, internship/study visits, summer schools, conferences and other co‑operation projects, will be implemented on a large scale in 2021-27 by the universities involved (Government of Poland, 2021[41]; 2021[42]).	Approximately EUR 12 million (PLN 52 million), of which EUR 10 million (PLN 44 million) co‑financed by the European Union under Digital Poland and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
Programme for the development of digital competencies (Program rozwoju kompetencji cyfrowych)	2022(-31)	This horizontal multistakeholder programme, co‑ordinated by the Centre for Digital Competence Development (Centrum Rozwoju Kompetencji Cyfrowych, CRKC), situated in the office of the Minister of Digital Affairs, aims to significantly increase the digital competencies of Poland’s population, both with regard to the general population, ICT specialists and in particular women. The implementation of activities takes place according to the following five priorities: i) developing digital education; ii) providing everyone with opportunities to develop digital competence; iii) supporting the digital competence of employees in various sectors; iv) developing advanced digital competence; and v) strengthening the management of digital competence development. While this programme is not AI-specific, a specific component on AI is the “Activity to prepare teachers to develop students’ skills in artificial intelligence in the educational process and to expand young people’s skills in artificial intelligence” (2023-2025), led by the Ministry of Education (Kompetencje Cyfrowe, 2025[43]; Government of Poland, 2025[44]).	Approximately EUR 1.9 million (PLN 8.1 million), co‑financed by the European Union to 31.01% (Multiannual Financial Framework and RRF) and for the AI component specifically through the ERDF 2021-2027 – note: overall budget, not only AI-specific part
AI4Youth	(pilot: 2019) 2021(-22)	This programme, piloted in 2019 under the auspices of the Ministry of Economic Development and Technology, aimed to teach secondary school students and help them develop competencies related to the use of AI and included a competition in which prizes are awarded to student teams for the development of solutions to societal problems through the application of AI (Government of Poland, 2021[45]; AI4Youth, 2022[46]).	Approximately EUR 493 000 (PLN 2.1 million) through the EU Smart Growth Operational Programme 2014‑2020 as one of the activities of Inno_LAB, the centre for analysis and piloting of new instruments
Lesson:AI	2025(-27)	This project provides free training on AI, the aim of which is to increase the competencies of at least 11 000 primary and secondary school teachers (including high schools, technical schools and vocational schools) in the basics of AI technology, gaining specific skills and practical knowledge on AI to implement in their teaching work in lessons with children and young people. It is run by the Orange Foundation in partnership with the Information Society Development Foundation and No Input Signal sp. z o.o.
Programming - Our Second Language (Programowanie - nasz drugi język)	2023	This NASK programme promotes computer programming lessons in the school curriculum, solving tasks during class time using an online platform and AI. Following a pilot programme with three municipalities, this project should be scaled nationwide, in conjunction with the Ministries of Digital Affairs, of Education and of Finance (NASK, 2023[47]). This programme is not AI-specific.	NASK sponsors the scholarships and awards; total scholarship funds amount to approx. EUR 212 000 (PLN 900 000)
Polish Development Fund (PFR) workshops	2024	The PFR launched (commercial) workshops on AI for leaders aimed at businesses understanding the potential of AI and how to use it effectively in business processes (PFR, 2024[48]). So far, workshops have been taken by other national economic development institutions (e.g. national development bank BGK). The PFR also launched a free course on AI to familiarise the wider population with AI (PFR, 2024[49]). These initiatives are free of charge for participants.	Not reported
AI for Current Workforce	2025-	By June 2025, the Ministry of Economic Development and Technology will select an AI training operator for enterprises. Up to 100 companies will take part in AI for Current Workforce training conducted by Intel.	Not reported

Build strategic leadership in priority sectors

Various government ministries are managing several AI-related initiatives, which are often part of broader initiatives aimed to leverage digitalisation. These decentralised initiatives are tracked through the monitoring mechanism of the 2020 AI strategy. They include initiatives in the areas of climate and the environment, health, the public sector and agriculture. Poland did not report any mobility AI initiatives.

State of AI in healthcare

In Poland, health data governance is shared between the Ministry of Health – the official data controller and authority for health services – and the e-Health Centre (Centrum e-Zdrowia, CeZ) which manages and processes health data (G.NIUS, 2024[50]; Polish Parliament, 2011[51]). Established in 2000, the CeZ is responsible for building the e-health ecosystem by developing and maintaining central information technology systems such as electronic medical records (Centrum e-Zdrowia, 2024[52]). Poland has progressively invested in the digitalisation of its health system, with notable acceleration during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and, as a result has a strong digital health infrastructure with further investments being made in interoperability, availability of quality health data for primary and secondary use, and cross-border services (e-Health Centre, 2023[53]). One such investment is the implementation of SNOMED CT standards and enhanced semantic interoperability for its health data, with the aim of making it available for ML and AI innovation (e-Health Centre, 2023[53]; Government of Poland, 2024[54]).

On an EU level, Poland is an active participant in the development of the European Health Data Space and is making primary use data available with other work planned with regard to secondary use (Government of Poland, 2024[54]). Utilising the European Funds for Social Development 2021-2027 (a national programme of the European Social Fund Plus), Poland has also advanced on a project to boost healthcare worker capacity and literacy in using digital health solutions (Government of Poland, 2024[54]). In 2021, the Ministry of Digital Affairs established a Working Group on AI (GRAI) to bring together 350 experts in 14 subgroups across many sectors, including health, to build AI capacity and knowledge within Polish businesses (Government of Poland, 2020[55]; 2024[54]). Under Poland’s national RRP, a number of initiatives are being planned in AI for health, including means of analysing patients’ health status from medical and lifestyle data, as well as AI algorithms to support physicians’ clinical decision making (Government of Poland, 2024[54]). Another project, initiated in 2020, has developed an AI model to manage the health of patients in critical condition and identify the optimal pathway for emergency services (Government of Poland, 2024[54]). Poland has a vision of innovation and improved satisfaction in the health system for patients and health providers through the use of CeZ technology and will continue pursuing this vision in the coming years to bring more e-health solutions and AI into the health ecosystem (e-Health Centre, 2023[53]).

Table 4. Build strategic leadership in priority sectors: Key initiatives

Name	Start year (period covered)	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
Climate and environment
New Energy (Nowa Energia)	2022	This programme, implemented by the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management, is designed to support entrepreneurs and local government bodies in activities aimed at implementing innovative technologies in the energy sector, comprising Smart Cities for Growth and Self-Sufficient Energy Clusters. It addresses entrepreneurs, local government bodies and entities providing public services, implementing tasks of local government bodies (Government of Poland, 2022[56]).	EUR 590 million (PLN 2.5 billion)
Health
Strategy of the e‑Health Centre 2023‑2027 – Summary	2023	Poland’s Strategy of the e-Health Centre focuses on continuing the development of e-health services and maximising the potential of digitalisation (e-Health Centre, 2023[53]).	Funded by national and EU funds (EU funding relates to strategy objectives regarding projects financed by grants, the RRP, the European Funds for Digital Growth 2021-2027 and the European Funds for Social Development 2021-2027)
SNOMED CT and Semantic Interoperability	2023	In 2023, Poland committed to the implementation and use of the SNOMED CT classification standard for its health data, to enable semantic interoperability and establish the foundations for AI solutions in its health services (Government of Poland, 2024[54]). The implementation of the SNOMED CT standard in Poland will be carried out in co‑operation between the Ministry of Health and the e-Health Centre, which is a state budget unit subordinate to the Minister of Health responsible for healthcare IT systems. The e-Health Centre is responsible for monitoring planned, developed and operated teleinformatic systems at the central and regional levels. It runs the SNOMED CT National Publishing Centre and is responsible for maintaining and distributing the Polish language version of the SNOMED CT dictionary.	The implementation of the SNOMED CT standard in Poland is financed under the Poland SNOMED International Membership project and the EU4Health (EU4H) programme in the area of “Increase health data semantic” (EU4H is the largest EU health programme for 2021-27 with a budget of EUR 5.3 billion)
Working Group on AI (Grupa Robocza ds. Sztucznej Inteligencji, GRAI)	2021	GRAI was established in 2021 with the aim of identifying actions aimed at ensuring appropriate conditions in Poland for the development of AI applications in both the private and public sectors, as well as in conducting scientific research. Currently, GRAI brings together nearly 700 pro bono experts (technology suppliers, representatives from law firms specialising in new technologies, numerous sector representatives operating on the market, in finance, energy, health, education, etc., scientific representatives (R&D); non-governmental organisations, representatives of ministries and institutions that are or should be interested in the subject of AI). Currently, GRAI covers the following areas: AI and legal regulations (including the implementation of the EU AI Act) AI, human rights and democracy regulatory sandboxes and innovation support (including the development of sustainable computing infrastructure) AI policy updates AI in public administration data for AI awareness, competences and digital hygiene international co‑operation based on trustworthy AI. In December 2024, GRAI experts prepared substantive recommendations for the Policy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Poland 2025-2030, which were taken into account by the Ministry of Digital Affairs in the development of a new Artificial Intelligence Development Policy in Poland until 2030.	No budget reported, though it has been noted that GRAI operates free of charge and experts work pro bono
Public sector
AI for Justice (SI dla sprawiedliwości)	2025(-35)	The implementation of AI in the Polish justice system aims to improve the work of judges and prosecutors, shorten the duration of proceedings and support citizens in easier and faster access to these institutions. The actions planned by the Ministry of Justice include, among others, the creation of tools supporting the conduct of court cases, the adaptation of language models and the provision of AI systems adequate to the needs of the justice system. Awareness and educational activities for justice system employees should also be built in, with the use of AI to ensure the effective implementation of new technologies. Support for the justice system is to be carried out, among others, through the construction of a modular, reusable system based on AI class solutions, initially supporting the General Prosecutor’s Office on a pilot basis and in subsequent versions other units working in the area of legal documentation analysis in accelerating the process of analysis, comparison, reasoning and creation of documents, which is the basis for making faster, more accurate decisions in conducted, analysed cases. The reusability of modules will allow them to be implemented in various configurations, including, partly, in projects such as E-Legislation (KPRM) or other public sector units.	Financial resources at the disposal of the Ministry of Justice (no budget reported)
mObywatel/PLLuM	2025	In 2025, the Central Informatics Center (Centralny Ośrodek Informatyki, COI) will join the PLLuM consortium (see above), which will implement PLLuM as a tool for officials and in the mObywatel service. The application will feature a virtual assistant that will make it easier for citizens to use public administration services. The Academic Computer Center Cyfronet AGH will provide computing power for training models and sharing them. Cyfronet AGH has a modern computing infrastructure, including the fastest supercomputer in Poland. PLLuM is set to provide advanced solutions for public administration and to support the further digitalisation of Poland. These include: A virtual assistant in mObywatel, which will support citizens in obtaining public information. An intelligent civil servant assistant, which will automate document processing, content analysis, information search and support in answering citizens’ questions. Training, which will facilitate the development of educational applications, translations and help teachers in conducting engaging lessons using the latest technologies. The leader of the HIVE consortium – the Artificial Intelligence Security Research Centre at NASK – will co‑ordinate the implementation of PLLuM in public administration services.
Agriculture/forestry/rural development
Satellite Crop Monitoring System (System Satelitarnego Monitorowania Upraw Rolnych, S2MUR)	2021-2026	The aim of the S2MUR project is to provide comprehensive knowledge about the condition of agricultural crops, forecasting the occurrence of adverse weather events that may cause crop losses, and generating maps and reports for estimating losses and calculating crop damage. S2MUR involves the design, construction and development of an information system that uses the synergy of satellite, meteorological, soil and statistical data to monitor agricultural crops. The project develops a repository of ML models, a production environment for using ML models and an environment for developing and training ML models. ML model groups will develop models for estimating losses due to drought, among other things (Government of Poland, 2021[57]).	As of 8 December 2023, approximately EUR 870 000 (PLN 3.72 million) gross were incurred as part of the implementation of the S2MUR project; contracts have been signed: approximately EUR 11.3 million (PLN 48.3 million)
Agricultural scenario pilot to develop AI models	2023(-25)	The aim of the project is to expand the ecosystem of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) to include services related to AI, ML and deep learning. As part of the AI for the European Open Science Cloud (AI4EOSC) project, the Wielkopolska Agricultural Advisory Center in Poznań (in Sielinek), together with the Poznań Supercomputing and Networking Center, is developing an agricultural scenario pilot to develop AI models to determine the risk of diseases and pests in agricultural crops and plant growth phases (WODR Poznań, 2023[58]).	Funded by Horizon Europe

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Notes

← 1.  In early June 2025, the Ministry of Digital Affairs published a draft of a new Artificial Intelligence Development Policy in Poland until 2030, which is undergoing consultation as of July 2025.

← 2.  Recommendations of the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence (HLEG AI) to the European Commission in the form of Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI and Policy and Investment Recommendations for Trustworthy AI.

← 3.  Position of the Visegrád Group on Artificial Intelligence.

← 4.  The Public Open Data Programme, the Strategy for Responsible Development, the From Paper to Digital Poland programme, Dynamic Poland 2020, the Strategy for Innovation and Efficiency of the Economy, as well as recommendations concerning the management of trustworthy AI, in the Polish Foreign Policy Strategy and the Memorandum on the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Poland.

← 5.  For example, the Polish Data Center Association: https://pldca.pl/en/.