Progress in Implementing the European Union Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence (Volume 1): Finland

Table of contents

• Set enabling conditions for AI development and uptake in the European Union
• Make the European Union the right place: Excellence from lab to the market
• Ensure AI technologies work for people
• Build strategic leadership in priority sectors

The European Union (EU) Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a strategic initiative by the European Commission and EU Member States to promote AI development, investment and co-operation. In 2024, the OECD conducted a survey and interviews to take stock of implementation progress made by the EU Member States in implementing the actions set in the EU Coordinated Plan on AI. Drawing on the information collected, the OECD prepared country notes for each EU Member State. This document presents the country note for Finland, which summarises key initiatives and implementation progress.

Key messages

• Artificial intelligence (AI) as part of a broader long-term national digital strategy: Finland’s Digital Compass, a national strategic roadmap for the period up to 2030, includes measures to help foster AI development and uptake. It builds on previous AI-focused strategic initiatives, namely Finland’s Age of Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence 4.0 strategies, and the Finnish government plans to integrate AI in subsequent updates.

• Finland’s comprehensive set of measures to help develop a robust AI ecosystem: Several of these measures are linked to European Union (EU)-wide initiatives, and many are part of broader digitalisation initiatives.

• Leveraging the potential of data and high-performance computing (HPC) is a priority for Finland: Finland has adopted a “cloud first” strategy that encourages the use of cloud solutions by default. It is taking steps to further strengthen its compute capacity and enable access to these resources for research and innovation (R&I) projects serving the public interest, as part of a national quantum computing environment.

• A strong focus on applied AI research and AI testing and experimentation: There is a strong focus on applied AI research, including on generative AI, as well as on promoting testing and experimentation of AI applications through a range of testbeds across the country. The EU‑funded Sustainable Growth Programme has financed a call for projects focused on testing, experimentation and research to support small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and Finland’s export sector.

• Several initiatives in place to provide the Finnish economy AI-relevant capacity and skills: These initiatives aim to understand and assess the needs and challenges at hand while providing guidance, counselling and incentives for investing in the development of capacity and skills in areas pertaining to AI.

• Finland’s development of initiatives to promote AI uptake in all priority sectors: These measures are, in most cases, part of broader initiatives, e.g. strategies on climate and environment for the information and communication technology (ICT) sector, the future of mobility and an AI-integrated bioeconomy.

Set enabling conditions for AI development and uptake in the European Union

Acquire, pool and share policy insights

In late 2022, Finland released its Digital Compass, a national strategic roadmap for the period up to 2030, which sets the country’s vision and targets regarding digital development (Finnish Government, 2022[1]). In line with the EU Digital Decade policy programme, it focuses primarily on the following areas: skills; secure and sustainable digital infrastructures; the digital transformation of businesses; and the digitalisation of public services. Although AI is not a topic featuring specifically in the roadmap, the latter contains several measures that are expected to help foster AI development and uptake and builds on previous AI-focused strategic initiatives, namely Finland’s Age of Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence 4.0 strategies. Moreover, the Finnish government plans to integrate AI in subsequent updates.

Finland has established a management model for the development of digitalisation, which includes a permanent, cross-administrative Coordination Group for Digitalisation (or Digital Office, in charge of co‑ordinating Finland’s digital policies) and a ministerial working group promoting digitalisation and the data economy. Core ministries of the Digital Office are the Ministries of Economic Affairs and Employment, of Transport and Communications, of Finance and of Education and Culture. A new twofold project (2025-26) was put in place to strengthen co-ordination of AI policy initiatives and the data economy (Data Economy growth programme). In addition, a multi-stakeholder Digital Panel was set up mid-2024 to identify opportunities and challenges regarding technological development (Valtioneuvosto, 2024[2]).

Although no budget has been allocated to the Digital Compass as such, and difficulties estimating AI‑related public expenditure precisely exist, work is underway to monitor public sector investment on digitalisation (including AI-related).

Tap into the potential of data and foster critical computing capacity

Finland has updated its national policy to implement a “cloud first” strategy that encourages the use of cloud solutions by default and helps improve productivity and service delivery. In addition, the country is taking steps to further strengthen its compute capacity and enable access to these resources for public interest research and innovation projects (e.g. in 2023, a research group created the largest Finnish language model ever with the LUMI supercomputer (LUMI, 2023[3])). In addition, EU Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) resources have been used to finance a EUR 9.1 million call for projects to help create competitive conditions and infrastructures for the development of leading technologies including AI.

Table 1. Set enabling conditions for AI development and uptake in the European Union: Key initiatives

Name	Start year	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
Digital Compass data policy	2022	Finland’s Digital Compass encompasses data policy, e.g. it outlines the country’s vision and goals regarding data management, sharing and use.	Not reported
Open Government Action Plan 2023-2027	2023	The action plan supports the development of data policies that align with the principles of open government. It emphasises transparency, accountability and citizen participation in government activities. It includes initiatives to enhance data accessibility and promote the use of open data (OGP, 2024[4]).	Not reported
Central government guidelines on cloud policies	2023 (update)	The Ministry of Finance updated the central government’s cloud guidelines on cloud policies in 2023 (Finnish Government, 2023[5]). The updated policies emphasise a “cloud first” strategy, encouraging the use of cloud solutions as the primary option. They also address the handling of public and confidential data in cloud environments, ensuring that data protection and security measures are in place. A technical guide (Cirrus project) has likewise been released including practical templates and models to facilitate the procurement, implementation and use of cloud services.	Not reported
European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC JU) supercomputers	2024	Finland hosts the EuroHPC JU supercomputer LUMI, which is located in the CSC data centre in Kajaani. In March 2024, Finland made a funding commitment of up to EUR 250 million in the context of an upcoming call for new top-level EuroHPC JU supercomputers.	Finland’s share of the LUMI budget: approximately EUR 48 million; funding commitment for new EuroHPC JU supercomputer hosting call: up to EUR 250 million
Develop and upscale quantum computer capacity	2023	Further to VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland’s announcement that they would continue the development of a quantum computer with a minimum of 50 quantum bits (qubits) for use in Finland by 2025 in its 2023 budget session, the Finnish Government allocated EUR 70 million to VTT for upscaling the quantum computer to 300 qubits by 2027. HPC will be leveraged through the development of a national quantum computing environment by linking the quantum computer with LUMI.	EUR 70 million
Participation in the LUMI-Q project	2024	Finland is taking part in the EuroHPC JU LUMI-Q project to develop a quantum computer located in Czechia (and linked with LUMI). Procurement was launched in 2024.	Not reported
Kvanttinova piloting environment for microelectronics and quantum technology	2024	Finland will form a research, development and innovation (RDI) environment and business cluster for specialised microelectronics and quantum technology, which will be one of the largest and most significant in the European Union. This will enable the levelling of new products and services to an industrial scale. European Chips Act co-financing in accordance with the Finnish Government Programme will be ensured and Business Finland will implement the chip technology programme. Preparations will be made for the establishment of a chip centre in Finland as part of the chip package and national co-funding for it will be ensured.	EUR 79 million (2024-27 budget)
Chips from the North Strategy		This Technology Industries of Finland initiative benefits from public sector inputs in different areas, such as funding for RDI, research and development (R&D) infrastructure, talent and education initiatives to attract international investments. The strategy aims to enhance Finland’s capabilities in semiconductor technology and ensure a competitive edge in the global market.	Not reported

Make the European Union the right place: Excellence from lab to the market

Finland has put in place a comprehensive set of measures to help develop a robust AI ecosystem. These measures are often part of broader digitalisation initiatives. For instance, as part of the EU-funded Sustainable Growth Programme for Finland, EUR 20 million have been allocated to a call for projects focused on testing, experimentation and research to support SMEs and Finland’s export sector. Moreover, several of those initiatives are linked to EU-wide initiatives. There is a strong focus on applied AI research, including on generative AI, as well as on promoting testing and experimentation of AI applications through a range of testbeds across the country. Public-private co‑operation is an important element in this context, as shown by the multiple partnerships to help advance AI policies.1

Table 2. Make the European Union the right place: Excellence from lab to the market: Key initiatives

Name	Start year	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
Finnish Center for Artificial Intelligence (FCAI)	2019	The FCAI is one of the Research Council of Finland’s flagships. It hosts a community of AI experts in artificial intelligence in Finland, initiated by Aalto University, the University of Helsinki and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. The FCAI hosts the European Laboratory for Learning and Intelligent Systems (ELLIS) Unit Helsinki, a node in the pan‑European ELLIS network. It is implemented through a large project portfolio. The Research Council of Finland’s FCAI flagship funding is a small share of total funding (about 3% in 2019-20) and is used primarily for hiring new researchers to advance the FCAI’s research agenda.	EUR 250 million (2019‑26), from a range of sources in addition to the Research Council of Finland
AI Hub Tampere	2020	AI Hub Tampere is a research centre dedicated to applied AI hosted by Tampere University and funded by public instruments. Backed by a coalition of 25 professors combining multiple disciplines, it explores the diverse socio‑technical aspects of AI transformation (Tampere AI, n.d.[6]).	Not reported
Tampere City Lab	2023	Business Tampere operates several initiatives to support AI testing and experimentation, notably Tampere City Lab (Tampere AI, n.d.[7]), which is part of the EU-wide CitCom.ai initiative and network of testing and experimentation facilities (TEFs) to help bring AI innovations to market responsibly. It provides a combination of virtual and physical testbeds for smart city and AI-powered solutions and supports the development and testing of AI technologies in real-world urban environments.	Not reported
Finnish AI Region (FAIR) European Digital Innovation Hub (EDIH)	2022	This initiative aims to foster collaboration and innovation in AI across various sectors, with a focus on the Helsinki region. It centres on practical applications and aims to create a world-class AI research and innovation hub by pooling expertise and resources and supporting regional development and networking. Moreover, FAIR provides a range of experimentation and testing platforms and offers the opportunity to test products and services in real-world settings thanks to testbed platforms in Espoo, Helsinki and Vantaa, within the 5G/NextG cellular network technologies. There are three additional Finnish hubs in the EDIH network, all of which can support AI uptake by Finnish firms.	Finland’s national EDIH co-funding for 2023-26: EUR 3.7 million (up to 30% of costs)
InnoCities	2021	The state has signed long-term agreements with the InnoCities project on the allocation of RDI funding to strengthen globally competitive ecosystems. InnoCities covers all Finnish university and university consortium cities. Implementation mainly takes place with the financing of sustainable urban development for EU programme period 2021-27. The agreements develop close co‑operation networks for innovation activity ecosystems, strengthen competence areas and increase the effectiveness of RDI activities. Research and networks are assembled into larger centres where different actors complement each other’s competence. For example, the city of Tampere integrated the AI theme into its ecosystem agreement in 2021.	Not reported
Business Finland campaign on generative AI	2024	See Box 1 for further details.	No budget for the campaign specified, included in Business Finland’s overall budget for funding for companies in the field of AI
AI-programmes in Business Finland’s Digital Native Finland mission	2021	The Digital Native Finland mission is an instrument of mission-based innovation policy aimed at accelerating the digital transformation of Finnish firms. The most AI-relevant programmes within this initiative include the 6G Bridge Programme, which provides innovation funding to Finnish companies, including AI start-ups, to develop and commercialise new technologies. The programme encourages collaboration between researchers and businesses to drive advancements in AI and telecommunications. In addition, the Data Economy programme focuses on promoting data-driven business models and innovation. It offers funding and support to start-ups and scale-ups, including AI-focused enterprises, to help them leverage data for business growth.	6G Bridge Programme: EUR 130 million* planned innovation funding budget (2023‑26); Data Economy Programme: up to EUR 135 million* (2023-27)

Note: * = Includes AI but is broader in scope.

Box 1. In Focus: Business Finland’s campaign on generative AI

By one estimate, generative AI could increase Finland’s gross domestic product by EUR 20-25 billion, or an additional 8% over 10 years if widespread adoption is achieved. This increase is expected to come from three sources: productivity increases from people working with generative AI; freed-up time from generative AI’s automation potential; and the re-employment of time for other value-creating activities.

To harness this potential, Finland’s government organisation for innovation funding and trade, travel and investment promotion, Business Finland, has launched a campaign aimed at accelerating generative AI-driven innovation for improved productivity and efficiency to strengthen global competitiveness.

The Generative AI campaign by Business Finland funds research-based proof-of-concept projects related to the utilisation of generative AI for Finnish SMEs and midcap companies (with a group-level turnover of less than EUR 300 million) aiming for international competitive advantage. It focuses primarily on technology companies and the ICT industry and seeks to facilitate peer-to-peer learning and rapid knowledge transfer within these industries, encourage the adoption of best practices and support R&D efforts together with research organisations.

There is close co-operation with Technology Industries of Finland, which has invested significantly to speed up AI uptake, e.g. by investing in AI projects by member companies, establishing the AI Finland network and creating a new AI research centre at Aalto University.

Business Finland’s Generative AI campaign ended at the end of January 2025, but companies can still apply for funding after this date.

Sources: Business Finland (n.d.[8]), Generative AI, https://www.businessfinland.fi/en/campaign-sites/generative-ai; Implement Consulting (2024[9]), “The economic opportunity of generative AI in Finland”, https://implementconsultinggroup.com/article/the-economic-opportunity-of-generative-ai-in-finland.

Ensure AI technologies work for people

Nurture talent and improve the supply of skills necessary to enable a thriving AI ecosystem

Finland is implementing a range of measures in line with the EU Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence, with a focus on developing sufficient knowledge and understanding of the needs and challenges at hand while providing guidance, counselling and incentives for investing in the development of capacity and skills in areas pertaining to AI. Since higher education institutions are free to define their academic offering, government action regarding the integration of AI in university studies focuses on providing funding and incentives. According to Finnish government officials, there is evidence that most higher education institutions either have already integrated AI in most fields of education or are in the process of doing so. For example, the Rectors' Conference of Finnish Universities of Applied Sciences (ARENE) have published recommendations on the use of AI, and other universities have issued similar recommendations.2

Table 3. Ensure AI technologies work for people: Key initiatives

Name	Start year	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
Recommendations on AI in education, teaching and training	2024	At the time of writing, the National Agency for Education and the Ministry of Education and Culture were developing a set of recommendations related to AI in education, teaching and training. These aim to improve understanding of AI, promote its responsible and safe use, and help provide all learners with equal opportunities (https://okm.fi/en/project?tunnus=OKM021:00/2024).	Not reported
Re- and upskilling initiatives	2024 and earlier	The Digital Service Package for Continuous Learning was being developed at the time of writing. It seeks to produce a customer-oriented and flexible service package that crosses administrative boundaries and supports individuals in making education and career choices, maintaining and developing their competencies throughout their career, and helping align the demand and supply of labour and education. AI is used in the service bundles’ different services. The digital vision for higher education Digivisio 2030 programme will bring existing online digital competence courses into a common digital platform. AI plays an important role in the work of higher education institutions, e.g. development of guidance and counselling services to support studies. RRF funding has been used to develop these two initiatives. The Service Centre for Continuous Learning and Employment seeks to bridge the gap between the needs of the labour market and employees’ skills. It conducts foresight analysis and procures training related to the use of AI applications for the personnel of SMEs. It also helps develop solutions for how AI skills could be strengthened in academic curricula (https://www.jotpa.fi/en/about-us).	Not reported
Attracting and retaining AI-related talent	2024 and earlier	The Ministry of Education and Culture has allocated funding to universities for piloting new practices in doctoral education in 2024-27. This additional funding will be allocated to 1 000 doctoral researchers who will be given a 3-year employment contract to complete their doctoral degree. The Finnish Doctoral Program Network in Artificial Intelligence is among the funding recipients. As part of the national, intersectoral Talent Boost programme* for labour and study-based migration and international talent attraction and retention, Work in Finland at Business Finland carry out operations focused on IT and technology, including AI talent. Work in Finland supports companies’ ability to attract and retain international talent, including attraction and retention. This includes AI companies (www.workinfinland.com).	EUR 255 million to universities for piloting new practices in doctoral education (2024-27)

Note: * = Includes AI but is broader in scope.

Build strategic leadership in priority sectors

Finland has undertaken AI-related measures across all priority sectors. These measures are, in most cases, part of broader initiatives. For instance, several projects have been carried out or are supported by Business Finland3 and the Research Council of Finland (including RRF-funded)4 that, while broader in scope, have contributed to bringing AI into play for climate and the environment. In addition, a national Climate and Environmental Strategy was launched in 2021 for the ICT sector as a whole. In a similar vein, national strategies in areas such as the future of mobility and the bioeconomy integrate the AI dimension.

State of AI in healthcare

The Finnish Social and Health Data Permit Authority Findata was established to oversee the processing of data permit applications (Findata, 2024[10]). Another central piece to the digital health infrastructure is Kanta Services, which was established in 2010 and oversees key services such as data repositories, e‑prescription services and the patient portal MyKanta. It is also involved in setting interoperability standards to enable integration between the different health information systems used in the country (Kanta, 2024[11]). Previous AI strategies, namely Artificial Intelligence 4.0, focused on the development and adoption of AI across sectors, including healthcare.

The Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra is a co‑ordinating member of the Second Joint Action Towards the European Health Data Space (TEHDAS2), which is focused on the harmonised secondary use of health data across the European Union (TEHDAS, 2024[12]). Nationally, to enable innovation and collaboration between the social and health services sectors, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health (STM) established in 2024 the AI Ecosystem in Social and Health Services (SOTE) (DigiFinland, 2024[13]). Finland is also part of the 1+ Million Genomes project. The FinnGen project, launched in 2017, focuses on public-private sector partnerships to collect and analyse the genetic data of over 500 000 participants to better understand the genetic basis for disease and future disease prevention (STM, 2024[14]; FinnGen, 2024[15]). In 2024, DigiFinland produced a report on the key health and social use cases for AI (DigiFinland, 2024[16]).

Table 4. Build strategic leadership in priority sectors: Key initiatives

Name	Start year	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
Climate and environment
Climate and Environmental Strategy for the ICT Sector*	2021	This strategy outlines measures to reduce the carbon and environmental footprint of the ICT sector, including AI technologies. It includes guidelines for improving energy efficiency and promoting the use of renewable energy sources in ICT infrastructure (Finnish Government, 2021[17]).	Not reported
Green ICT Ecosystem/ Visiiri project	2022	Green ICT Ecosystem (TIEKE, n.d.[18]) is a network that promotes sustainable ICT development and circular economy practices to combat climate change and biodiversity loss. It brings together professionals from academia, public administration, companies and associations to enhance the ecological, economic and social sustainability of the ICT industry. The Visiiri project, part of this ecosystem, focuses on assessing the environmental impact of the Finnish ICT sector and supporting the green transition through stakeholder collaboration, impact measurement and training materials. The project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund via the ELY Centre of North Ostrobothnia.	Not reported
Health
AI Ecosystem in Social and Health Services (SOTE)	2024	Established in 2024, SOTE fosters collaboration among public authorities, businesses and researchers to promote AI integration in healthcare (DigiFinland, 2024[13]).	Not reported
HealthHub Finland	2022	This one-stop shop promotes AI applications in the health sector and partner organisation to enable the use of Finnish health data for digital innovation (HealthHub Finland EDIH, 2024[19]).	Not reported
Second Joint Action Towards the European Health Data Space (TEHDAS2)	2024	The TEHDAS2, co‑ordinated in part by the Finnish Innovation Fund, aims to prepare for a co‑ordinated implementation of the European Health Data Space and the secondary use of health data (TEHDAS, 2024[12]).	Not reported
Public sector
Guidelines for the responsible use of generative AI		The Prime Minister’s Office (VNK) has developed common guidelines for the responsible use of generative AI by the government. There is a government-wide network within which experiences and best practices regarding AI use are shared. Furthermore, AI-related co‑ordination will be developed within the government under the auspices of the Digital Office co‑operation and co‑ordination structure. This work builds on experience such as the AuroraAI programme (Ministry of Finance, 2020[20]), which ran from 2020 to 2022 and used AI to streamline public services and improve their accessibility.	Not reported
Experimentation with generative AI to support legislative work	2024	The Ministry of Transport and Communications has also experimented with the use of generative AI based on Finnish language models to support legislative preparation (Finnish Government, 2024[21]).	Not reported
Mobility
Legislative amendments for road transport automation	2024	The Ministry of Transport and Communications has prepared a memorandum assessing legislative amendments required for road transport automation in Finland. It was open for comments until 17 May 2024 (Liikenne- ja viestintäministeriö, 2024[22]). Ministry officials will continue legislative drafting based on feedback from the consultation round. The aim is to submit the government proposal to parliament during the 2025 autumn session.	Not reported
Future Mobility Finland	2021	Future Mobility Finland (n.d.[23]) is an initiative and communication platform that fosters sustainable and innovative mobility solutions. It promotes the development and use of AI technologies across various modes of transport, including public transport, private vehicles and logistics. It is part of the National Programme for Sustainable Growth in the Transport Sector that ran between 2021 and 2023.	Not reported
Agriculture/forestry/rural development
Forest data collection and management*	2024	Building on the Finnish open forest data system, which was launched in March 2018, new solutions are being developed for forest data collection and management. Many of these solutions involve the use of AI. The most recent projects use accurate forest maps and autonomous drones to help improve the harvesting quality. There are also studies on how gamified mobile applications can be used in the collection of forest data, as well as work on creating digital twins of forests (National Land Survey of Finland, 2024[24]).	EUR 900,000 (2024‑26)*
Finnish Bioeconomy Strategy 2022-2035*	2022	The strategy (Finnish Government, 2022[25]) notably promotes the use of AI and other technologies to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of bio-based industries. It supports the development of new bio-based products and services, contributing to Finland’s goal of becoming climate neutral by 2035.	Not reported

Note: * = Includes AI but is broader in scope.

References

[8] Business Finland (n.d.), Generative AI, https://www.businessfinland.fi/en/campaign-sites/generative-ai.

[26] Business Finland (n.d.), “How can AI help tackle key sustainability challenges?”, https://www.businessfinland.fi/en/whats-new/news/2024/how-can-ai-help-solve-our-most-critical-sustainability-challenges.

[13] DigiFinland (2024), AI Ecosystem in Social and Health Services (SOTE), https://digifinland.fi/en/ai-ecosystem-in-social-and-health-services-sote/.

[16] DigiFinland (2024), Tekoäly hyvinvointialueilla: sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon käyttötapaukset ja kansallinen edistäminen, Esiselvitystyön loppuraportti, maaliskuu 2024, https://digifinland.fi/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/DigiFinland_tekoaly_loppuraportti_210324.pdf.

[10] Findata (2024), About Findata, Finnish Social and Health Data Permit Authority, https://findata.fi/en/about-findata/.

[15] FinnGen (2024), FinnGen, An Expedition into Genomics and Medicine, https://www.finngen.fi/en (accessed on 3 February 2025).

[21] Finnish Government (2024), “Ministry of Transport and Communications to experiment with creative artificial intelligence to support law drafting [in Finnish]”, Ministry of Transport and Communications, https://lvm.fi/-/liikenne-ja-viestintaministerio-kokeilee-luovaa-tekoalya-lainvalmistelutyon-tukena.

[5] Finnish Government (2023), “The Ministry of Finance updated the central government’s cloud policies”, Valtiovarainministeriö/Finansministeriet, https://vm.fi/-/valtiovarainministerio-paivitti-valtionhallinnon-pilvilinjaukset.

[25] Finnish Government (2022), “Bioeconomy Strategy 2022–2035 – Sustainably towards higher value added”, https://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/-/1410877/bioeconomy-strategy-2022-2035-sustainably-towards-higher-value-added.

[1] Finnish Government (2022), “Government report on the digital compass sets the course for Finland’s digital transformation”, https://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/-//10623/government-report-on-the-digital-compass-sets-the-course-for-finland-s-digital-transformation.

[17] Finnish Government (2021), “Finland announces climate strategy for ICT sector: Harnessing data bits to combat climate change”, Ministry of Transport and Communications, https://lvm.fi/en/-/finland-announces-climate-strategy-for-ict-sector-harnessing-data-bits-to-combat-climate-change-1260885 (accessed on 13 January 2025).

[23] Future Mobility Finland (n.d.), Homepage, https://futuremobilityfinland.fi/ (accessed on 12 October 2024).

[19] HealthHub Finland EDIH (2024), Your Partner in Creating Digital Healthcare Solutions, https://healthhubfinland.eu/ (accessed on 13 January 2025).

[9] Implement Consulting (2024), “The economic opportunity of generative AI in Finland”, https://implementconsultinggroup.com/article/the-economic-opportunity-of-generative-ai-in-finland.

[11] Kanta (2024), What are the Kanta Services?, https://www.kanta.fi/en/system-developers/what-are-kanta-services.

[22] Liikenne- ja viestintäministeriö (2024), “Memorandum for comments: Automation in road transport requires legislative amendments”, https://lvm.fi/-/arviomuistio-lausunnoille-tieliikenteen-automaatio-edellyttaa-lakimuutoksia?languageId=en_US.

[3] LUMI (2023), “Research group created the largest Finnish language model ever with the LUMI supercomputer”, https://www.lumi-supercomputer.eu/research-group-created-the-largest-finnish-language-model-ever-with-the-lumi-supercomputer/.

[20] Ministry of Finance (2020), AuroraAI Programme, https://vm.fi/en/project?tunnus=VM098:00/2020.

[24] National Land Survey of Finland (2024), “Solutions for forest management through new research”, https://www.maanmittauslaitos.fi/en/topical_issues/solutions-forest-management-through-new-research.

[4] OGP (2024), Finland Action Plan Review 2023-2027, Open Government Partnership, https://www.opengovpartnership.org/documents/finland-action-plan-review-2023-2027/.

[14] STM (2024), “EU collaboration project to promote access to genomic data”, Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, https://stm.fi/en/european-1-million-genomes-initiative.

[6] Tampere AI (n.d.), AI Hub Tampere, https://tampere.ai/ai-hub-tampere-en/.

[7] Tampere AI (n.d.), Tampere City Lab, https://tampere.ai/tamperecitylab/.

[12] TEHDAS (2024), Second Joint Action Towards the European Health Data Space – TEHDAS2, Towards European Health Data Space, https://tehdas.eu/ (accessed on 13 January 2025).

[18] TIEKE (n.d.), Green ICT Ecosystem, https://tieke.fi/green-ict-ekosysteemi/.

[2] Valtioneuvosto (2024), “Digital Panel appointed to identify opportunities and challenges of technological development”, https://valtioneuvosto.fi/-/1410829/digipaneeli-tunnistamaan-tulevaisuuden-teknologisen-kehityksen-mahdollisuuksia-ja-haasteita-suomelle?languageId=en_US.

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The full book is available in English: OECD (2025), Progress in Implementing the European Union Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence (Volume 1): Member States’ Actions, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/533c355d-en.

 

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Notes

← 1.  Private sector contributions to promoting AI excellence in Finland can also be mentioned here. Technology Industries of Finland announced in November 2023 an investment of EUR 10 million to accelerate the rate of use of AI in Finland (increase the uptake and development of AI at Finnish technology companies, bolster applied research and attract AI experts to Finland, etc.). In addition, the Technology Industries of Finland Centennial Foundation will donate EUR 3.2 million for the founding of Aalto University’s new AI research centre.

← 2.  See for instance the example of Aalto University, https://www.aalto.fi/en/services/guidance-for-the-use-of-artificial-intelligence-in-teaching-and-learning-at-aalto-university.

← 3.  In addition, a Hackathon on the topic “How can AI help tackle key sustainability challenges?”, with a focus on addressing biodiversity loss, was organised by Business Finland in 2024 (Business Finland, n.d.[129]).

← 4.  More information available (in Finnish) at the following links: https://www.aka.fi/tietysti/teemat/tekoaly-teknologian-apuna/tekoalyn-ja-kaukokartoituksen-avulla-rakennetaan-metsan-digitaalista-kaksosta/; https://www.aka.fi/tietysti/teemat/tekoaly-teknologian-apuna/akkukehitykseen-vauhtia-tekoalytyokaluilla/; https://www.aka.fi/tietysti/teemat/tekoaly-teknologian-apuna/tekoaly-etsii-keinoja-muuttaa-hiilidioksidia-polttoaineeksi/; https://www.aka.fi/tietysti/teemat/tekoaly-teknologian-apuna/matalapaastoiseen-kaupunkiliikenteeseen-tekoalyn-avulla/.