Progress in Implementing the European Union Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence (Volume 1): Italy

Table of contents

• Set enabling conditions for AI development and uptake in the European Union
• Make the European Union the right place: Excellence from lab to the market
• Ensure AI technologies work for people
• Build strategic leadership in priority sectors

The European Union (EU) Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a strategic initiative by the European Commission and EU Member States to promote AI development, investment and co-operation. In 2024, the OECD conducted a survey and interviews to take stock of implementation progress made by the EU Member States in implementing the actions set in the EU Coordinated Plan on AI. Drawing on the information collected, the OECD prepared country notes for each EU Member State. This document presents the country note for Italy, which summarises key initiatives and implementation progress.

Key messages

• Evolving artificial intelligence (AI) strategy and governance: Italy launched its updated Italian Strategy for Artificial Intelligence 2024-2026, building on the 2022-24 strategy. The strategy focuses on research, public administration, enterprise adoption and education. The Department for Digital Transformation of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers is responsible for the implementation and monitoring of the strategy through the Agency for Digital Italy (AgID). The National Cybersecurity Agency (ACN) is responsible for the areas of competence.

• Strengthening AI infrastructure: Italy has invested in high-performance computing (HPC), quantum technologies and a National Strategic Hub for secure public administration data management. The country hosts five globally ranked supercomputers, including Leonardo in Bologna, supporting AI research and innovation.

• Establishing innovation support mechanisms: Italy has introduced multiple funding programmes to support AI adoption in businesses and research. The Digital Transition Fund and Transition 5.0 Plan provide financial incentives for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and start-ups to integrate AI, the Internet of Things (IoT) and automation into their operations. Public-private partnerships and competence centres have been established to foster AI-driven innovation. National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) funds have been used to support research in AI through, e.g. the Future Artificial Intelligence Research (FAIR) public-private partnership.

• Building AI talent for the future: Italy is investing in AI education across all levels. The AI in Primary and Secondary Education initiative introduces AI into school curricula, while over 160 AI-related university courses are available nationwide. The National Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Programme in Artificial Intelligence, involving 61 institutions, is training researchers across specialised AI domains, including healthcare, cybersecurity and Industry 4.0.

• Advancing sector-specific applications: Italy is implementing AI solutions across priority sectors. In climate and the environment, the Cassandra supercomputer supports climate modelling and sustainability efforts. In healthcare, AI is enhancing diagnostics and patient care through the Agenas platform. Public administration is integrating AI to improve efficiency, including tax administration and legal automation. The country is also planning to leverage AI for Smart Cities, optimising traffic and transport systems.

Set enabling conditions for AI development and uptake in the European Union

Acquire, pool and share policy insights

The Italian Strategy for Artificial Intelligence 2024-2026 (AgID, 2024[1]), written by the Coordination Committee for AI appointed by the Presidency of the Council of Ministers, updates and expands upon the previous strategies (Government of Italy, 2020[2]). The new framework is structured around two strategic pillars:

1. Infrastructure: strengthening digital, cloud and AI infrastructure to support innovation.

2. Specific strategic actions: targeting priority sectors for AI adoption, including industry, finance, healthcare, education, culture, environment, energy and security.

The strategy outlines four key objectives aligned with European Union (EU) priorities:

• Research and innovation: strengthening investments in foundational and applied research in AI.

• Public administration: improving administrative processes to improve their efficiency and enhancing the quality of services offered to citizens through the use of AI.

• Enterprises: promoting AI adoption to improve business operations and create new economic opportunities.

• Education: developing AI-related skills and training to prepare the workforce for future AI-driven challenges.

The updated strategy reflects Italy’s commitment to fostering human-centric, reliable and sustainable AI solutions. It focuses on leveraging AI for economic growth and societal benefits while ensuring AI models align with EU regulatory and ethical frameworks.

Funding for the national AI strategy is distributed across specific initiatives rather than through a centralised budget. Many of these initiatives are supported by the EU Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF). The AI‑related provisions in the government bill (the Draft Decree-Law, DDL) on AI allocate:

• approximately EUR 800 million in collaboration with various agencies

• EUR 300 000 annually (2025-26) for AI projects within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

• up to EUR 1 billion for equity investments in AI, cybersecurity and related sectors (Italian Senate of the Republic, 2024[3]).

Additionally, the Transition 5.0 Plan dedicates EUR 4.41 billion over 2 years to digital innovation projects, including AI-driven advancements (Government of Italy, 2024[4]). The plan is designed to facilitate the adoption of AI, IoT, collaborative robotics, automation, big data, blockchain and cloud technologies.

Both the DDL on AI and the Transition 5.0 Plan leverage RRF resources, ensuring that Italy’s AI strategy aligns with broader national and EU recovery objectives.

The Department for Digital Transformation of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers is responsible for the implementation and monitoring of the strategy through the AgID. The ACN is responsible for the areas of competence. To strengthen stakeholder engagement and expertise, the Coordination Committee for AI was established in November 2023. The committee is composed of 13 experts and is responsible for analysing the impact of AI in Italy and defining and monitoring the implementation of the AI strategy. The committee engages with various stakeholders, including companies, research bodies, territorial authorities, administrations, ministries, agencies and experts through hearings and consultations.

Tap into the potential of data and foster critical computing capacity

The Italian government has launched several initiatives aimed at developing the country’s digital and AI infrastructure ecosystem. These initiatives encompass data management, cloud computing, HPC and quantum technologies. Italy has established a national data strategy that focuses on enhancing public administration data assets and developed cloud computing capabilities through a National Strategic Hub. The country hosts five supercomputers listed among the Top500 global ranking (2024[5]). Additionally, Italy has allocated funding for quantum computing research and development (R&D).

Box 1. Supercomputer Leonardo

Italy’s Leonardo supercomputer, located at the Cineca research centre in Bologna, was officially inaugurated in 2022. As of November 2024, Leonardo ranks 9^th in the global Top500 list of supercomputers. With a computing power of over 250 petaflops, Leonardo plays a crucial role in advancing AI research, climate modelling, drug discovery and industrial applications.

Leonardo’s computational power has supported groundbreaking AI research, including contributions to the development of Mistral 7B, one of the most widely adopted open-source large language models (LLMs) released in 2023.

Since its launch, Leonardo has been used in scientific research, AI training and industrial innovation, providing computational power for climate simulations, precision medicine and next-generation AI algorithms. It supports both public and private sector projects.

Looking ahead, plans are underway to upgrade Leonardo’s capabilities further. The Leonardo Improved Supercomputing Architecture (LISA) project aims to enhance the system’s performance by introducing an AI-optimised partition. This upgrade will better support the development of LLMs and multimodal generative AI, expanding Leonardo’s capabilities in processing complex AI applications. The LISA upgrade will expand Leonardo’s overall capacity, enabling it to handle a broader range of computational tasks and serve a larger user base within the scientific and industrial communities. The European High‑Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC JU) is investing EUR 28 million in this upgrade to enhance Leonardo’s AI capabilities.

Sources: Leonardo (2025[6]), About, https://leonardo-supercomputer.cineca.eu/about/; Mistral (2023[7]), Mistral 7B, https://mistral.ai/news/announcing-mistral-7b.

Table 1. Set enabling conditions for AI development and uptake in the European Union: Key initiatives

Name	Start year	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
Italian Strategy on Data	Not reported	The strategy aims to enhance Italy’s information assets and improve public data management efficiency for citizen benefit (Government of Italy, 2021[8]). The Legislative Decree of 7 October 2024, No. 144, aligns Italian legislation with the Data Governance Act (EU Regulation 2022/868), appointing the AgID as the competent authority. The AgID will oversee data intermediation and altruism, working in collaboration with other authorities to ensure its implementation and monitor compliance. Furthermore, the AgID is the national centre of expertise on open data, in line with government policies on open government. Through the use of technologies and innovative methods, the agency pursues policies aimed at promoting a culture of data enhancement and reuse within public administration.	Not reported
Cloud Strategy	2021	Published by the Department for Digital Transformation and Agency for National Cybersecurity, the strategy provides guidelines for migrating public administration data to qualified cloud services. It outlines data classification criteria and establishes the National Strategic Hub (Polo Strategico Nazionale, PSN) to host critical public sector services. The key objectives include: i) migrating 75% of Italian public administration data and o information technology (IT) applications to qualified cloud environments by 2026; ii) enhancing technological autonomy, data control and digital service resilience; and iii) implementing regulations developed by the AgID which define adoption criteria (Government of Italy, 2021[9]).	Not reported
National Strategic Hub (Polo Strategico Nazionale, PSN)	2022- ongoing	Launched in December 2022, PSN is Italy’s national cloud infrastructure for securely storing and managing critical public administration data. The hub aims to modernise public sector IT services, ensuring high standards of security and operational efficiency.	Not reported
Data centres	2022- ongoing	To support the PSN, the Department for Digital Transformation established four data centres in Lazio and Lombardy. An additional centre is planned in Campania by 2025. These data centres form Italy’s national cloud hub, providing a secure and resilient infrastructure for public administration digital services.	EUR 373.8 million allocated through the RRF for pilot administration migrations
Important Project of Common European Interest on Cloud Infrastructure and Services (IPCEI Cloud)	Not reported	Italy is a key participant in the IPCEI Cloud initiative, an EU project aiming to establish an interoperable data processing ecosystem at the EU level. The project focuses on research, development and innovation in cloud and edge computing technologies, with applications in sectors such as energy, health and marine. Italy’s involvement includes significant contributions from Italian companies such TIM and Fincantieri (MIMIT, 2025[10]).	EUR 250 million from NRRP Mission 4: Education, training, research
Supercomputers	2020- ongoing	Italy hosts five of the world’s 500 most powerful supercomputers in the world: i) HPC6 (Pavia), deployed in 2024 (most powerful in Italy, 5th globally) (Top500, 2024[5]); ii) Leonardo (Bologna), deployed in 2022; iii) Marconi-100 (Bologna), deployed in 2020; iv) Davinci-1 (Genova) in 2020; v) Cassandra (Lecce) in 2024.	Included funds from the RRF
Quantum Computing Research and Development Programme	2022	The Italian quantum computing initiative is a key component of the NRRP. This programme is designed to bolster Italy’s quantum computing capabilities by supporting the entire R&D spectrum, from fundamental research to technological applications and market deployment. It includes three main action lines: i) enhancing research infrastructure; ii) fostering collaboration between academia and industry; and iii) developing innovative research models. This programme identifies quantum computing as a key enabling technology for Italy’s digital transformation and positions it as a strategic area for developing national research excellence.	EUR 30 billion allocated through RRF Mission 4, with EUR 11.44 billion specifically dedicated to R&D support through the “From research to enterprise” component (M4C2)
National Quantum Science and Technology Institute (NQSTI)	2023- ongoing	The NQSTI is a consortium established to advance Italy’s research and innovation in quantum science and technology. The institute brings together 20 Italian institutions, including research centres, universities and enterprises, to conduct competitive and innovative research in this field. The NQSTI aims to stimulate industrial innovation by providing a forum for transferring ideas and opportunities to companies. Additionally, it dedicates significant resources to education programmes, technology transfer initiatives and robust outreach efforts to integrate quantum science and technology into broader society.	Not reported

Make the European Union the right place: Excellence from lab to the market

The Italian government has established a framework to support AI excellence and innovation through strategic funding and institutional initiatives. Italy’s approach combines substantial financial investment with institutional support to develop both research capabilities and practical applications of AI technology. The strategy focuses on strengthening the innovation ecosystem, supporting start-ups, enhancing research infrastructure, accelerating industrial digital transformation and providing specialised guidance through public-private partnerships. These co‑ordinated efforts under the AI strategy 2024-2026 aim to promote AI adoption through collaboration between research institutions and enterprises.

Table 2. Make the European Union the right place: Excellence from lab to the market: Key initiatives

Name	Start year	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
Digital Transition Fund	2023	This initiative launched by the Ministry for Enterprises and Made in Italy aims to strengthen the National Innovation Fund (Fondo Nazionale Innovazione, FNI) by establishing the Digital Transition Fund (CDP, 2023[11]). The fund aims to stimulate the Italian innovation ecosystem through direct and indirect venture capital investments. It focuses on supporting start-ups implementing innovative projects across sectors such as AI, cloud computing, healthcare, Industry 4.0, cybersecurity, financial technology and blockchain technologies. A key emphasis of the programme is to drive digital transformation across supply chains and SMEs.	Not reported
Future Artificial Intelligence Research (FAIR) Foundation	2023	The FAIR Foundation is a non-profit organisation established to advance AI research in Italy. Funded by the Ministry of University and Research under the NRRP, FAIR serves as the central hub in an extended partnership model, collaborating with ten specialised research units. These units encompass 14 Italian universities, 4 national research institutions – including the National Research Council (CNR), Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), the Italian Institute of Technology (IIT) and the National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) – as well as prominent industrial stakeholders such as Bracco, Expert.ai, Intesa Sanpaolo, Leonardo and Lutech. Collectively, over 400 senior researchers and 380 junior researchers are involved in FAIR’s initiatives, aiming to position Italy at the forefront of AI innovation by addressing foundational aspects of AI, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and promoting ethical and human-centred AI development (FAIR Foundation, 2023[12]). Through a cascade-call mechanism, the extended partnership has been extended to involve other 53 universities and 86 companies, mainly SMEs.	EUR 114.5 million by the Ministry of University and Research as part of the RRF
Transition 5.0 Plan	2024	The Transition 5.0 Plan is aimed at accelerating the digital and green transformation of the nation’s industries (Government of Italy, 2024[13]). Building upon the previous Industry 4.0 framework, this plan emphasises the integration of advanced technologies – such as AI, IoT, collaborative robotics, automation systems, big data analytics, blockchain and cloud computing – into industrial processes. A significant focus is placed on supporting SMEs in adopting these digital solutions to enhance productivity, sustainability and competitiveness. To facilitate this transition, the plan offers training programmes, technical assistance and financial incentives, including tax credits for investments made in 2024 and 2025 that achieve a reduction in energy consumption. Additionally, specialised competence centres have been established to guide businesses through their digital transformation journeys.	EUR 6.3 billion total, with EUR 4.41 billion for digital innovation project over 2 years; the remaining funds support complementary activities such as training and technical assistance
Competence Centres Initiative	2023	Italy’s Competence Centres Initiative, launched in 2023, is a strategic programme designed to accelerate the nation’s digital and green transformations, building upon the previous Industry 4.0 framework. This initiative establishes a network of eight public-private partnerships, each serving as a hub for expertise in advanced technologies such as AI, IoT, collaborative robotics, automation systems, big data analytics, blockchain and cloud computing. These centres provide guidance, training and support for innovation and experimental development projects, particularly targeting SMEs. By offering resources such as training programmes, technical assistance and financial incentives, the initiative aims to enhance productivity, sustainability and competitiveness across various industrial sectors.	EUR 113.4 million through 2025

Ensure AI technologies work for people

Nurture talent and improve the supply of skills necessary to enable a thriving AI ecosystem

Italy has established a range of educational initiatives to develop AI skills and knowledge across all levels of education. The AI in Primary and Secondary Education initiative introduces AI into school curricula, with pilot programmes in multiple regions to enhance digital skills and personalised learning. At the university level, over 53 institutions offer more than 160 AI-related courses, strengthening AI competencies nationwide. The National PhD Programme in Artificial Intelligence brings together 61 universities and research institutions to advance AI expertise across 5 specialised domains, including healthcare, public administration and industry. Additionally, Italy has developed AI research excellence centres, such as the AI4I in Turin for industrial innovation, the European Laboratory for Learning and Intelligent Systems (ELLIS) in Milan for fundamental AI research and the Alma Mater Research Institute in Bologna for human-centred AI applications.

Table 3. Ensure AI technologies work for people: Key initiatives

Name	Start year	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
AI in Primary and Secondary Education	2024	As part of Italy’s AI strategy 2024-2026, the Ministry of Education has launched the AI in Primary and Secondary Education initiative to integrate AI into the school curriculum. Beginning in the 2024/25 academic year, a pilot programme will be implemented in 15 schools across Calabria, Lazio, Lombardy and Tuscany. This initiative aims to equip students with foundational knowledge and digital skills essential for the future. With use of AI tools as virtual assistants, the programme seeks to facilitate personalised learning experiences and support teachers in developing tailored educational approaches. This effort is part of a broader strategy to address Italy’s digital skills gap and promote the adoption of advanced technologies in education.	Not reported
AI-related university courses	Not reported	The development of AI research capacities within Italian universities has been significantly enhanced in line with the objectives of the AI strategy 2024-2026 (AgID, 2024[1]). Currently, over 53 universities offer more than 160 AI-related courses. This initiative aims to equip students with essential AI competencies.	Not reported
National Doctorate in Artificial Intelligence	In development	The National PhD Programme in Artificial Intelligence (PhD-AI.it) in Italy is a collaborative initiative that brings together 61 universities and research institutions to advance AI research and education (PhD-AI.it, 2025[14]). Structured into five federated PhD courses, each focuses on a strategic AI application sector while sharing a foundational curriculum in AI principles. The five specialisation areas and their co‑ordinating universities are: health and life sciences (co‑ordinated by Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma), agrifood and environment (Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II), public administration (Sapienza Università di Roma), industry (Politecnico di Torino) and society (Università di Pisa) (Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 2025[15]).	Not reported
AI centres of excellence	Not reported	Italy has established several centres of excellence dedicated to advancing AI research and applications. The Italian Institute of Artificial Intelligence for Industry (AI4I), based in Turin, focuses on transformative, application-oriented AI research to drive industrial innovation and economic growth. In Milan, ELLIS has a unit that contributes to fundamental AI research and its applications across various sectors. Additionally, the Alma Mater Research Institute for Human‑Centered Artificial Intelligence in Bologna emphasises human-centric AI, exploring its applications in health, industry and society.	Not reported

Build strategic leadership in priority sectors

Italy has implemented AI initiatives across several priority sectors. In climate and environment, AI enhances climate modelling and sustainability efforts through the Cassandra supercomputer and the Transition 5.0 Plan. Public administration leverages AI for tax justice, fraud detection and administrative efficiency. In mobility, various projects are under development to optimises traffic management, public transport and Smart City initiatives.

State of AI in healthcare

Italy is undergoing significant advancements in health data governance and AI integration within the healthcare sector. The proposed AI law, currently under examination as of October 2024, aims to establish principles for AI development and use, particularly in the health sector and research. The law aligns with the EU AI Act and introduces regulations to protect individual rights, ensure data privacy and emphasise that ultimate decision-making responsibility lies with healthcare providers, regardless of the assistive technology used. These measures aim to enhance healthcare quality while safeguarding patient interests (Government of Italy, 2024[16]).

Italy’s healthcare sector has undergone significant digital transformation initiatives since 2008, with key projects including the establishment of an electronic health record system (Cascini, Causio and Melnyk, 2024[17]). However, the decentralised structure of the health system, with strong regional autonomy, has led to disparities in healthcare access and varying rates of regional service development. Consequently, AI adoption in healthcare remains limited, primarily restricted to a few local health authorities and trial projects. To address this, the country is leveraging funds from the Italian NRRP to involve the National Agency for Regional Health Services (Agenas) and accelerate the integration of digital solutions across regions (Reale et al., 2023[18]). This initiative will support services for doctors to analyse patients’ medical history leveraging AI-driven tools and to promote remote consultations.

Table 4. Build strategic leadership in priority sectors: Key initiatives

Name	Start year	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
Climate and environment
Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC) and the Cassandra supercomputer	2024	The CMCC, headquartered in Lecce, is a non-profit research institution dedicated to analysing climate variability and its impacts, particularly within the Mediterranean region. The centre collaborates with experienced scientists, economists and technicians to provide comprehensive analyses of climate impacts on socio-economic systems. To enhance its research capabilities, the CMCC has deployed the Cassandra supercomputer, which effectively doubles the centre’s previous computational capacity. Cassandra enables more rapid and detailed climate simulations, supporting new AI applications and reinforcing the CMCC’s role in addressing climate change challenges.	Not reported
Transition 5.0 Plan	2024	Previously outlined in Table 2, the Transition 5.0 Plan also plays a key role in advancing Italy’s environmental and energy sustainability objectives. With a strong emphasis on reducing energy consumption and promoting renewable energy adoption. It provides tax incentives for investments in energy-efficient digital infrastructure, smart manufacturing and AI-driven optimisation of resource management.	EUR 6.3 billion
Health
National Agency for Regional Health Services (Agenas) national platform	2024	Agenas is developing a platform that uses AI tools to assist health professionals in the diagnosis and treatment of primary care (Agenas, 2024[19])	Tender procedure amounting to EUR 57 million
Senate Act No. 1146 – Law on Artificial Intelligence	2024	This new law, currently being evaluated by the Italian Senate as of 29 October 2024, sets out the principles for the development and use of AI, the rules for national AI strategy and governance, and sectorial provisions such as in healthcare (Government of Italy, 2024[16]).	Not reported
Strategic Programme on Artificial Intelligence 2022-2024	2021	This plan fosters the growth of AI across a number of sectors in Italy, including healthcare, covering building up talent, research, adoption and regulation (Government of Italy, 2021[20])	Not reported
National Artificial Intelligence PhD Programme	2021	A doctorate programme involving over 61 universities to train future researchers, innovators and professionals in the foundations of AI and AI development.	Not reported
Public sector
Public administration pillar in the Italian Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (2024‑2026)	2024	Public administration represents one of the core pillars in Italian Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (AgID, 2024[1]). This strategic component focuses on transforming public services through AI adoption. The implementation framework encompasses developing comprehensive guidelines to promote AI adoption in public administration, establishing procurement protocols and developing guidelines for the implementation of AI applications. The strategy aims to simplify AI-enabled services for citizens and businesses while streamlining administrative processes. It also includes introducing AI education within public administration training programmes. The primary objective is to enhance administrative efficiency while improving accessibility and quality of public services through AI-powered solutions.	Not reported
ProDigiT	Not reported	The ProDigiT project, a collaboration between the Presidential Council of Tax Justice (Consiglio di Presidenza della Giustizia Tributaria, CPGT) and the Ministry of Economy and Finance, aims to modernise judicial tax proceedings through AI-powered tools. The initiative focuses on enhancing efficiency and accuracy in tax-related legal processes while reducing administrative burdens. Funded by the National Operational Programme on Governance and Institutional Capacity 2014-2020, ProDigiT leverages AI techniques such as legal summarisation and information extraction to support tax judges and lawyers, particularly in complex domains like registration and recordation taxes.	Not reported
National Social Security Institute (Istituto nazionale della previdenza sociale, INPS) experimentation on generative AI	2023	The INPS pioneered AI adoption in Italian public administration by implementing machine learning algorithms in 2023 (INPS, 2023[21]). The system includes a generative AI-powered virtual assistant for portal users and automated communication processing. The implementation has doubled processing capacity from 3 million to 6 million official communications annually, while reducing document sorting time from a full day to 1 hour per operator. The system has also enhanced user experience through intelligent search and assistance features.	Not reported
AI in tax administration	Not reported	The Revenue Agency (Agenzia delle Entrate) leverages advanced analytics software to prevent tax avoidance by analysing data from the tax registry and archive of financial relations. This system enables more effective identification of potential tax compliance issues while optimising resource allocation.	Not reported
Mobility
Sustainable mobility	In development	AI applications are being developed for sustainable mobility, including the optimisation of environmental and energy resources and traffic management to reduce emissions, as highlighted in the Italian Strategy for Artificial Intelligence 2024 2026 (AgID, 2024[1]). This initiative aims to leverage AI for improving quality of life through smart management of transportation systems.	Part of NRRP funding for Smart Cities initiatives
Urban Mobility Data Integration	In development	A national registry of datasets and models for mobility applications is being established, supporting the development of intelligent networks that can dynamically adapt to demand in real-time. This initiative is part of the National Knowledge Assets: Datasets and Models project enabling strategic action (AgID, 2024[1]).	Not reported
AI for Smart Cities Mobility	In development	AI-based Smart City solutions are being developed, focused on traffic management, optimising public transport and developing intelligent networks to address congestion in high traffic density areas, in alignment with the environmental sustainability goals of the digital transition (AgID, 2024[1]).	Not reported
Agriculture/forestry/rural development
No initiative reported

References

[19] Agenas (2024), Report HTA, http://www.agenas.it/aree-tematiche/hta-health-technology-assessment/attivita-hta/report-hta.

[1] AgID (2024), The Italian Strategy for Artificial Intelligence 2024-2026, Agenzia per l’Italia Digitale, https://www.agid.gov.it/en/agenzia/stampa-e-comunicazione/notizie/2024/07/22/italian-strategy-artificial-intelligence-2024-2026.

[17] Cascini, F., F. Causio and A. Melnyk (2024), “Monitoring the digital healthcare transition in Italy: Initiatives, metrics and feedback from primary care physicians”, European Journal of Public Health, Vol. 34/Supplement_3, p. ckae144.074, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckae144.074.

[11] CDP (2023), Digital Transition Fund, CDP Venture Capital SGR ​S.p.A., https://www.cdpventurecapital.it/cdp-venture-capital/en/fondo_digital_transition.page.

[12] FAIR Foundation (2023), The Foundation, Future Artificial Intelligence Research Foundation, https://fondazione-fair.it/en/the-foundation/.

[16] Government of Italy (2024), Disposizioni e delega al Governo in materia di intelligenza artificiale, Senato della Repubblica, https://www.senato.it/leg/19/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/58262.htm.

[4] Government of Italy (2024), “Mimit, DL Pnrr: al via Transizione 5.0, 6,3 miliardi per la sfida green e digitale delle imprese”, Ministry of Enterprises and Made in Italy, https://www.mimit.gov.it/it/notizie-stampa/mimit-dl-pnrr-al-via-transizione-5-0-6-3-miliardi-per-la-sfida-green-e-digitale-delle-imprese.

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[20] Government of Italy (2021), Strategic Programme on Artificial Intelligence 2022-2024, Jointly developed by the The Ministry of Education, University and Research, the Ministry of Economic Development, and the Minister of Technological Innovation and Digital Transition.

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[3] Italian Senate of the Republic (2024), Disposizioni e delega al Governo in materia di intelligenza artificiale, https://www.senato.it/service/PDF/PDFServer/DF/437373.pdf.

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[7] Mistral (2023), Mistral 7B, https://mistral.ai/news/announcing-mistral-7b.

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[15] Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna (2025), National PhD in Artificial Intelligence, https://www.santannapisa.it/en/formazione/national-phd-artificial-intelligence.

[5] Top500 (2024), November 2024, https://www.top500.org/lists/top500/2024/11/.

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The full book is available in English: OECD (2025), Progress in Implementing the European Union Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence (Volume 1): Member States’ Actions, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/533c355d-en.

 

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