Progress in Implementing the European Union Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence (Volume 1): Belgium

Table of contents

• Set enabling conditions for AI development and uptake in the European Union
• Make the European Union the right place: Excellence from lab to the market
• Ensure AI technologies work for people
• Build strategic leadership in priority sectors

The European Union (EU) Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a strategic initiative by the European Commission and EU Member States to promote AI development, investment and co-operation. In 2024, the OECD conducted a survey and interviews to take stock of implementation progress made by the EU Member States in implementing the actions set in the EU Coordinated Plan on AI. Drawing on the information collected, the OECD prepared country notes for each EU Member State. This document presents the country note for Belgium, which summarises key initiatives and implementation progress.

Key messages

• Federal and regional artificial Intelligence (AI) governance: Belgium’s National Convergence Plan for the Development of Artificial Intelligence draws up some overarching ambitions, while Brussels, Flanders and Wallonia implement their own tailored AI plans to drive local innovation, entrepreneurship and alignment with European Union (EU) goals.

• Monitoring progress: Belgium has created an AI Observatory to track policy implementation, consolidate data on AI applications and use cases, align with international benchmarks and foster transparency and accountability.

• Data and high-performance computing (HPC) initiatives: Belgium strengthens data sharing and HPC capabilities through initiatives like Athumi, the Flemish Data Strategy and participation in the European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC JU), thereby supporting innovation in sectors such as healthcare, mobility and energy.

• Research and market transfer: Belgium fosters research excellence and aims to bridge the gap to market applications through initiatives like the TRusted AI Labs (TRAIL) in Wallonia and the Flanders AI Research Program, focusing on advancing ethical AI solutions and building industry-research partnerships. Programmes such as Start IA and Tremplin IA in Wallonia further support firms in exploring AI opportunities and developing proofs of concept.

• Upskilling initiatives: Belgium is committed to developing a digitally skilled workforce, with initiatives such as the Flanders AI Academy and DigiSkills Belgium promoting reskilling and lifelong learning. These programmes seek to address industry needs by equipping professionals and researchers with AI competencies and bridging skill gaps across sectors.

• Promoting inclusion: Belgium supports gender diversity in technology through initiatives like Interface3, Women in Digital and the Women Award in Technology and Science, encouraging women to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM).

• AI for climate action and environmental sustainability: Belgium leverages AI to support its climate goals, with projects such as REASSURE and DESTILL focusing on sustainable energy systems. AI is also being used for predictive maintenance in renewable energy infrastructure and innovative forestry initiatives.

• Innovating public services: Belgium integrates AI into public administration to enhance efficiency and trust. Initiatives like the Flemish AI Expertise Centre, AI@SPW (Wallonia) and the Federal Charter for Responsible AI aim to deploy AI in the public sector ethically and safely.

Set enabling conditions for AI development and uptake in the European Union

Acquire, pool and share policy insights

National AI strategy

In 2022, Belgium launched its National Convergence Plan for the Development of Artificial Intelligence (hereafter the “National Convergence Plan”) (FPS BOSA, 2022[1]), which is structured around nine pillars: i) promoting ethical and responsible AI; ii) guaranteeing cybersecurity; iii) boosting national competitiveness; iv) fostering a data-driven economy; v) integrating AI into healthcare; vi) advancing sustainable mobility; vii) protecting the environment; viii) enhancing training and lifelong learning; and ix) improving public services. It draws upon the EU Coordinated Plan on AI and aligns with its main goals.

Belgium’s governance structure for AI policy facilitates co-ordination across federal, regional and community levels. The Federal Public Service (FPS) Policy and Support (BOSA) and the FPS Economy lead implementation efforts, supported by a multi-stakeholder steering committee, the Orientation Committee, established in May 2024. The latter is as an advisory body to the federal government, bringing together representatives from federal and regional authorities, universities, regulatory bodies and industry (FPS BOSA, 2024[2]). Other interministerial commissions and ad hoc groups, such as the Economic Interministerial Commission and the Directorate-General for European Affairs and Coordination also contribute to administrative policy co‑ordination. At the time of writing, implementation of the AI Act in Belgium was being coordinated by the FPS Economy. Furthermore, Belgium has established a federal, independent Data and AI Ethics Advisory Committee in May 2024 (FPS BOSA, 2024[3]). To monitor AI policy implementation, Belgium has set up an AI observatory that consolidates data from various sources, including mappings of AI applications, start-ups, research initiatives and training programmes (FPS BOSA, 2025[4]). Lastly, AI4Belgium, a coalition of public, private, academic and civil society stakeholders, acts as a hub for public-private collaboration (FPS BOSA, 2024[5]).

Belgium’s regional governments, i.e. Flanders, Wallonia and the Brussels-Capital Region, have their own AI strategies. These efforts are further supported by the linguistic communities, which provide additional funding for AI-related projects.

AI policy landscape in Flanders

Flanders has established a comprehensive AI policy framework through the Flanders AI Policy Plan (Flanders AI, 2024[6]), which is structured around three pillars: i) fostering strategic research to advance cutting-edge AI technologies; ii) promoting AI adoption in businesses to boost economic growth; and iii) raising awareness and trust in AI through ethical governance and public engagement. The pillars are implemented through programmes and initiatives, such as the Flemish AI Research Programme, business-oriented AI actions, the Knowledge Centre for Data & Society, and the Flemish AI Academy. An online platform centralises information on the Flemish AI Policy Plan.

Flemish investments in AI amounted to EUR 153.5 million in 2024, including EUR 35 million for the AI policy plan itself and EUR 118.5 million for AI research and innovation activities allocated through regular research and innovation funding instruments in 2024.

The plan undergoes regular external evaluation to assess its effectiveness and incorporate recommendations for improvement. The latest evaluation from 2024 emphasised enhancing the transfer of research outcomes to industry applications. Monitoring is facilitated by the Flemish AI Barometer, managed by the ECOOM research centre (effixis, 2024[7]) and specific indicators for parts of the AI plan.

Governance of the Flanders AI Policy Plan is led by the Department of Work, Economy, Science, Innovation and Social Economy, which hosts the Flemish AI Steering Group (Flanders AI, 2024[8]), including representatives from academia, research institutions, industry and public administration, as well as stakeholders from the Flemish Data Strategy and the AI4Gov initiative. Flanders also organises annual events such as the Flanders AI Forum (EC, 2024[9]) and the Flanders AI Research (FAIR) Research Day.

AI policy landscape in Wallonia

As part of the Digital Wallonia Strategy, the DigitalWallonia4.ai programme aims to leverage AI to drive economic growth, societal benefits, and innovation (Digital Wallonia, 2019[10]). The strategy is built on four core pillars: i) enhancing awareness through the society (citizens, compagnies and public services), ii) increasing AI adoption across public and private organisations, iii) enhancing digital skills, and iv) bringing together the AI ecosystem and supporting research.

DigitalWallonia4.ai is developed and managed by a multi-stakeholder committee comprising 55 partners. Implementation is co‑ordinated by the Walloon Agency for Digital Affairs (Agence du Numérique) (AdN, 2024[11]) in partnership with the Walloon Public Service for Economy, Employment and Research (Service Public de Wallonie Économie, Emploi, Recherche), industry groups like Agoria and regional clusters and research centres. A representative from the federal administration (FPS BOSA) also participates in the strategy’s steering committee to facilitate alignment with national and EU policies. Monitoring relies on dedicated key performance indicators (KPIs) and results are openly available at dashboard.digitalwallonia.be, with information also available as open data via odwb.be. Moreover, several initiatives and projects foster AI research and innovation as part of the Smart Specialisation Strategy (S3).

AI policy landscape in Brussels-Capital Region

Brussels’ Regional Innovation Plan identifies AI as a priority area, particularly for addressing urban-specific challenges such as sustainable mobility, energy efficiency and public safety (Innoviris, 2021[12]). Innoviris, the regional research and innovation agency, oversees the implementation of AI-related initiatives, providing funding and strategic guidance for projects with societal and environmental impact – as outlined in its AI Strategy 2024-2029. The region’s information technology partner, paradigm.brussels, focuses on integrating AI into public services (Brussels-Capital Region, 2024[13]).

Tap into the potential of data and foster critical computing capacity

Belgium’s initiatives focus on secure and efficient data sharing, expanding cloud infrastructure and strengthening its HPC capabilities. The country aims to enhance interoperability, improve digital services, help ensure data sovereignty, and supports AI innovation and collaboration.

Table 1. Set enabling conditions for AI development and uptake in the European Union: Key initiatives

Name	Start year	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
Athumi	2023	Athumi, established under the Flemish Data Strategy, is a data utility company that facilitates the secure and intelligent exchange of personal and sensitive business data. It focuses on improving data interoperability and trust between stakeholders while enabling innovation in the Flemish digital economy. Athumi supports initiatives such as open data reuse and ensures compliance with strict privacy regulations (Athumi, 2024[14]).	EUR 19 million
Cloud Strategy for the Flemish Administration	2019	The Cloud Strategy for the Flemish Administration provides a phased roadmap to modernise public information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure by adopting a “public cloud first” approach (Digitaal Vlaanderen, 2019[15]).	Not reported
EuroCC Belgium	2020(-24)	EuroCC Belgium serves as the national competence centre for HPC, high‑performance data analytics and AI. It aims to enhance the adoption of HPC technologies in industry and academia by providing technical support, training programmes and access to infrastructure and strategic collaborations (EuroCC Belgium, 2024[16]).	Not reported
Federal Data Strategy	Under development	The Federal Data Strategy, co‑ordinated by the FPS Economy, focuses on creating a robust data ecosystem across sectors such as mobility, energy, manufacturing and health. It will include recommendations to foster data literacy among citizens, develop necessary skills for a data-driven economy and establish ethical guidelines for data governance.	Not reported
Flemish Data Strategy	2022	The Flemish Data Strategy aims to transform governance by fostering collaboration between local and regional authorities to enable data-driven decision making. It promotes open data availability, standardisation and interoperability to stimulate economic growth and innovation. The strategy was being updated at the time of writing (Digitaal Vlaanderen, 2022[17]).	Not reported
Belgium’s participation in EuroHPC infrastructure projects	2020(-26)	Belgium is participating in the EuroHPC JU. The EuroHPC Summit 2024, was hosted in Antwerp, demonstrated Belgium’s commitment to fostering international collaboration in HPC innovation (EuroHPC, 2024[18]). Belgium’s participation in the EuroHPC LUMI pre-exascale supercomputing consortium provides researchers with world-class supercomputing access, enabling cutting-edge AI, data science and simulation-based research.	EUR 5 million Federal; EUR 5 million (Wallonia); EUR 3,5 million (Flanders); EUR 2 million (Brussels)
HPC Consortium des Équipements de Calcul Intensif (CÉCI)	2021-2023	CÉCI is a Tier-2 supercomputing initiative integrating multiple smaller clusters to support advanced computational research. It provides HPC resources to researchers in fields such as physics, biology and materials science, enabling significant scientific advancements (CÉCI, 2024[19]).	Wallonia – EUR 3.7 million
HPC Lucia	2023	Lucia is a state-of-the-art supercomputing facility in Wallonia that includes advanced GPU nodes for AI applications and supports academic research and business projects in areas such as energy, health and advanced manufacturing (partly funded by the Walloon region) (Cenaero HPC, 2024[20]).	EUR 10 million for capital costs; EUR 4.5 million for operational expenses until 2025
Imec	1984	Imec is a globally renowned research centre based in Flanders, specialising in semiconductors, digital innovation and AI technologies. It plays a pivotal role in advancing hardware solutions for edge AI and quantum computing. Imec collaborates with industry and academia to drive innovation and technological leadership in the global semi-conductor field (imec, 2024[21]).	EUR 150 million in 2022
Imec’s participation in PREVAIL	2022	Imec’s involvement in the PREVAIL project facilitates the development of AI hardware through a multi-hub EU network. This initiative supports edge AI research and innovation by providing prototyping and testing capabilities for advanced chip designs (PREVAIL, 2024[22]).	EUR 20 million (2022‑25) from DEP and the Government of Flanders
Participation in dAIEDGE Network of Excellence	2023	CETIC, IMEC, KUL participate in the network of excellence for distributed, trustworthy, efficient and scalable AI at the edge (project financed by Horizon Europe) (dAIEDGE, 2025[23])	Not reported
Smals	Not reported	Smals provides advanced IT and data centre solutions tailored to the needs of government, social and healthcare organisations. It focuses on delivering secure infrastructure services that support digital transformation and enhance operational efficiency in the public sector (Smals, 2024[24]).	Not reported
Smart Data Sciences Market Consultation	2022	The Smart Data Sciences Market Consultation, conducted by the FPS Policy and Support from 2022 to 2023, aimed to create intelligent data services by maximising the reuse of government data. This initiative supported the five objectives of the EU Unleashing Government Data programme under the RRF (Government Buys Innovation, 2022[25]).	Not reported
SolidLab Flanders	2021	SolidLab Flanders is a research initiative to advance the use of Solid‑based personal data vaults for privacy-preserving data management. It works together with Flemish and international data initiatives to create applications built on Solid, an open standard for structuring data, digital identities, and applications on the Web. Funded by the Flemish government (and RRF for its first two working years) (SolidLab, 2024[26]).	EUR 2 million (2021‑23); EUR 7 million (2024‑26)
Transversal Cloud Adoption Plan	Under development	The Transversal Cloud Adoption Plan proposes a unified framework for adopting secure public cloud solutions across federal institutions. It includes capacity-building measures, governance structures and guidelines for a consistent cloud policy to enhance efficiency and security in the public administration.	Not reported
Vlaams Supercomputer Centrum (VSC)	Not reported	The VSC operates Flanders’ Tier-1 and Tier-2 HPC systems, supporting cutting-edge research in AI, machine learning and computational science. It offers comprehensive access to resources for academia and industry, facilitating advancements in areas such as natural language processing, genomics and climate modelling (VSC, 2024[27]).	EUR 20 million per year
Support for large-scale data centres	Not reported	Walloon Export and Foreign Investment Agency (Agence wallonne à l’Exportation et aux Investissements étrangers, AWEX) supports the development of large-scale data centres as part of broader regional efforts to enhance ICT infrastructure, drive data innovation and attract foreign investment (AWEX, 2024[28]).	Not reported

Make the European Union the right place: Excellence from lab to the market

Belgium has developed a multifaceted approach to advancing its AI ecosystem through national and regional initiatives including expert-guided exploration of AI opportunities, proof of concept development and collaborative innovation hubs.

Box 1. In focus: TRusted AI Labs (TRAIL)

Launched as part of both Digital Wallonia strategy (Digital Wallonia, 2019[10]) and Smart Specialization Strategy, TRAIL unites five universities and four accredited research centres, alongside public and private sector partners, to foster cutting-edge research and development in AI. Involving over 200 researchers affiliated and 107 researchers financed by “ARIAC” program, TRAIL aims to create a collaborative ecosystem that balances technological advancement with ethical and societal considerations. Education and training are central to TRAIL’s mission, supporting talent development through academic partnerships and industry collaboration.

It operates notably through the Applications and Research for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (ARIAC) project that alone has a budget of EUR 32 million for 2021–2026, which is structured around five strategic work packages: i) human-AI interaction, ii) trust mechanisms for AI systems, iii) the integration of AI models, iv) optimised AI implementations, and v) the TRAIL Factory, which bridges research and industry. These projects collectively address real-world challenges, focusing on sectors such as healthcare, energy, and public services.

Source: TRAIL (2024[29]), TRAIL4Wallonia, https://trail.ac/trail4wallonia/.

Table 2. Make the European Union the right place: Excellence from lab to the market: Key initiatives

Name	Start year	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
AI Experience Centre	2020	Based at Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), the AI Experience Centre connects academic expertise with stakeholders across several sectors. It focuses on integrating AI research into practical use cases (VUB, 2024[30]).	Not reported
AI Fund	Not reported	Established under the FPS BOSA, the AI Fund supports applied AI research in domains prioritised by the National Convergence Plan, including health, cybersecurity and AI development.	EUR 3 million per year
DIGITALIS	2022	DIGITALIS is designed to support Flemish manufacturing SMEs in their digital and green transitions. It provides support for AI, cybersecurity and other digital technologies (Digitalis EDIH, 2025[31]).	EUR 4.76 million for 2022-25 (30% provided by DEP)
EDIH WalHub	2022	EDIH based in Wallonia and dedicated to the digital transformation of manufacturing companies and the adoption of key technologies - i.e. AI, HPC, Cybersecurity and IoT - in their industrial and supply chain processes (Walhub, 2025[32])	EUR 3.48 million for 2022-2025 (50% DEP, 30% Wallonia)
EDIH-CONNECT	2022	EDIH-CONNECT is an EDIH (led by Builwise) that focuses on the digital transformation of companies from the construction sector. For the technological part, it is articulated around AI, IoT, robotics and more generally data-driven technologies applied in construction (Buildwise & EDIH-CONNECT, 2025[33])	EUR 3,36 million for 2022-2025 (10% DEP, 70% Wallonia)
EDIH Brussels	2022	EDIH Brussels supports SMEs in sustainable digital innovation using AI and emerging technologies. It aims to strengthen the digital capabilities of Brussels’ industrial landscape, comprising predominantly SMEs (EC, 2024[34]).	EUR 2.1 million (2022‑24)
FARI Institute	2021	FARI, a joint initiative of VUB and ULB, co‑ordinates 300 researchers to develop AI, data and robotics solutions. Projects range from AI for public safety to sustainable urban innovations. The institute bridges interdisciplinary research with practical applications, advancing AI for societal benefit (FARI, 2024[35]).	Not reported
Flanders AI Research (FAIR) programme	2019	The FAIR programme drives foundational and applied AI research. Its activities include collaborative projects in advanced technologies, sustainable practices and interdisciplinary research (Flanders AI Research, 2024[36]).	EUR 35 million per year
Flanders AI EDIH	2022	The Flanders AI European Digital Innovation Hub (EDIH) aims to accelerate AI adoption among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by offering a neutral, integrated and accessible service ecosystem (Flanders AI Hub, 2025[37]).	EUR 3.69 million for 2022-25 (40% provided by DEP)
Flanders Innovation and Entrepreneurship (VLAIO)	Not reported	The VLAIO allocated approximately EUR 97 million in 2024 to fund AI innovation projects, fostering research excellence and strengthening innovation capacity across industries – with a focus on bottom-up initiatives (VLAIO, 2025[38]).	Approximately EUR 95 million per year
Innoviris	Not reported	Innoviris, the Brussels research and innovation agency, plays a key role in funding and supporting AI research and innovation. Its programmes encompass applied research and development (R&D), strategic initiatives and proof of concept, fostering collaboration between academic institutions and businesses to drive impactful AI advancements (Innoviris, 2024[39]).	Not reported
Leuven.AI	Not reported	Leuven.AI promotes AI research at Leuven University, focusing on innovative AI applications, ethics and cross-disciplinary approaches. It collaborates with academia, industry and policymakers to address societal challenges and drive AI innovation (KU Leuven, 2025[40]).	Not reported
Research Foundation Flanders	Not reported	Research Foundation Flanders funded approximately EUR 22 million annually for fundamental and basic AI research in 2024. These funds support bottom-up initiatives in academia (FWO, 2025[41]).	Approximately EUR 20 million per year
Start IA	2020	Start IA provides 40 hours of support to companies by an AI expert. The goal of Start IA is to identify, based on the company’s activity and data, potential projects where AI technologies can add value (Digital Wallonia, 2024[42]).	Not reported
Tremplin IA	2020	Tremplin IA focuses on developing proofs of concept for AI projects over six months. It enables organisations to assess the feasibility of innovative AI solutions, with calls for projects made available periodically (Dataroots, 2024[43]).	Not reported
TRusted AI Labs (TRAIL)	2020	TRAIL fosters ethical AI development through collaborative research, industry partnerships and the ARIAC project (see Box 1), advancing innovation in sectors such as healthcare and energy while prioritising transparency and societal impact.	ARIAC project: EUR 32 million (2020‑26)
UGent.ai Institute	Not reported	UGent.ai promotes AI research at Ghent University, focusing on innovative AI applications, ethics and cross-disciplinary approaches. It collaborates with academia, industry and policymakers to address societal challenges and drive AI innovation (UGent.ai, 2024[44]).	Not reported
Wallonie Entreprendre	Not reported	Wallonie Entreprendre (key economic agency) offers a dual approach, For AI solution companies, the Digital & Deep Tech Unit proposes equity/quasi equity solutions. And Scaleup program is a support for growth companies. For AI adopters, digital transformation could be financed by the Digit online loan (Wallonie Entreprendre, 2024[45]).	Not reported
Digital Wallonia	Not reported	The strategy Digital Wallonia has supported over 790 AI projects run by Walloon companies and public organisations. The ARIAC budget allocated to TRAIL is also part of this strategy. (Digital Wallonia, 2024[46]).	13 million (2020-2025)
ARIAC/Trail	2021	Development of artificial intelligence technologies in Wallonia through a coordinated research project. The objective is to create digital tools based on trusted artificial intelligence that can offer a competitive advantage to Wallonia's industrial fabric.	EUR 31,8 million (2021-2025)

Ensure AI technologies work for people

Nurture talent and improve the supply of skills necessary to enable a thriving AI ecosystem

Belgium aims to equip its citizens with AI-related skills through initiatives that promote digital literacy, STEM education and lifelong learning. These programmes seek to address the growing demand for AI expertise across sectors and support broader participation of underrepresented groups in the digital economy.

Table 3. Ensure AI technologies work for people: Key initiatives

Name	Start year	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
#BeDigitalTogether	Not reported	The #BeDigitalTogether programme addresses inclusion and diversity in the digital sector, including in AI. It aims to reduce barriers to entry for under‑represented groups and promote equitable access to opportunities in the technology industry, fostering a more diverse workforce (#BeDigitalTogether, 2024[47]).	Not reported
DigiSkills platform	Not reported	DigiSkills Belgium is a platform promoting reskilling and upskilling in AI and digital competencies. It connects learners with training opportunities across sectors, providing resources to address skill gaps and enhance employability in AI-driven industries (DigiSkills, 2024[48]).	Not reported
Digital Wallonia 4 Edu	Not reported	Digital Wallonia 4 Edu’s initiatives aim to enhance digital literacy and inspire interest in STEM among students. These actions include collaborations with educational institutions, creating digital learning resources and organising workshops and events. Students receive hands-on experience in coding, robotics and other STEM areas, equipping them with skills for a digital economy (Digital Wallonia, 2024[49]).	EUR 85 million (2024-2025)
e-cl@sses	Not reported	The e-cl@sses initiative, launched by the Region of Wallonia, aims to provide comprehensive digital education resources to support teachers and students in their use of digital tools. e-cl@sses conducted a study on the impact of AI on the education system in 2023 (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, 2023[50]).	Not reported
Flanders AI Academy (Vlaamse AI Academie, VAIA)	2020	VAIA offers education, training and learning opportunities to researchers, professionals and entrepreneurs. VAIA brings together Flemish universities and research institutions to co‑ordinate AI education and training. It maps available AI-related courses, identifies gaps in training and develops new offerings (VAIA, 2021[51]).	EUR 1.1 million per year
InnoVET	Not reported	InnoVET focuses on innovation in vocational education and training, equipping learners with digital and technological skills tailored to industry needs. The programme supports projects that bridge the gap between education and labour market requirements, fostering a skilled workforce for the digital economy (InnoVET, 2024[52]).	Not reported
Innoviris’ funding programmes on STEM	Not reported	Innoviris supports a range of STEM-focused initiatives to spark interest in science, technology and AI among youth and other target groups in the Brussels-Capital Region (Nooby.Tech, 2023[53]).	Not reported
Interface3	Not reported	Interface3 provides training to promote digital inclusion, focusing on equipping women with ICT skills (Interface3, 2024[54]).	Not reported
Smart Education @ Schools	Not reported	This initiative, led by Imec, integrates digital tools and AI technologies into classroom settings to enhance learning (imec, 2024[55]).	Not reported
Walloon Digital Skills Centres	Not reported	The Walloon Digital Skills Centres (Technobel, Technocité, TechnofuturTIC, Technifutur) and the FOREM Cepegra Centre offer training including in the areas of AI, cybersecurity, industry 4.0, coding, augmented reality, virtual reality, 3D printing, and data analysis.	Not reported
Women Award (tech. and science)	Not reported	This Innoviris initiative seeks to inspire young women in Brussels to pursue STEM careers and address gender imbalances in the STEM field (Innoviris, 2024[56]).	EUR 10 000 per year
Women in Digital	2021	Women in Digital 2021-2026 five‑year plan aims to enhance women’s representation in the digital sector (BeDigitalTogether, 2021[57]).	Not reported
Tech Time 2 Skill	2023	Aimed at fostering the acquisition of the most in-demand advanced digital skills in AI and cybersecurity. Supported by DEP.	2,5 million (2023 – 2025)
Pix	2022	Since 2022, the Wallonia-Brussels Federation (FWB) has been gradually rolling out the Pix platform to all its education stakeholders: pupils, students, teachers and administrative staff. One of the themed courses is AI (pix.be, 2025[58]).	Not reported
Skills Titles	Not reported	The Skills Validation Consortium is currently developing Skills Titles for several IT professions (business analyst, architect, developer, etc.) to enable workers or job seekers to have their skills in these professions recognised (Validation des Compétences, 2025[59]).	Not reported
Walloon Training Vouchers	Not reported	This scheme encourages continuing training for workers in the private sector and the self-employed in the Walloon Region. A training voucher entitles workers to one hour of training including on AI. Nearly 500 000 vouchers used each year (Emploi et Formation professionnelle en Wallonie., 2025[60]).	Not reported
Certificate in Operational Excellence 4.0	2020	The Certificate in Operational Excellence 4.0 (Wallonia) is a training programme offered by Technifutur, a skills center, and MecaTech, a competitiveness cluster (Technifutur, 2025[61])	Not reported

Build strategic leadership in priority sectors

Belgium has put in place measures to promote the integration of AI technologies across priority sectors. For instance, AI is leveraged to optimise sustainable energy systems, enhance grid management and improve renewable energy production. The Belgian health sector employs AI to enhance data management, validate healthcare solutions and improve system resilience. Public administration initiatives aim to foster innovation through AI for digital transformation of public service delivery, ethical governance and operational efficiency. In mobility, programmes are focused on autonomous vehicles, remote driving and smart city infrastructure. The agriculture sector integrates AI for precision farming, biocontrol and forestry innovation to promote sustainability and efficiency.

State of AI in healthcare

Belgium’s health data governance operates under the eHealth Action Plan 2022-2024 (Plan d'actions e‑Santé 2022-2024), designed to align with the European Health Data Space (EHDS) initiative (FPS Health, 2023[62]). Led federally by the Belgian Health Data Agency (HDA), the strategy emphasises secure, standardised data management across regions, with the HDA maintaining accessibility, security and interoperability standards (HDA, 2024[63]; EU, 2022[64]). While these initiatives create a foundation for data‑driven healthcare advancements, Belgium currently lacks a unified national AI roadmap, resulting in fragmented implementation across regions. Efforts are underway to enhance interoperability, standardise data sharing and enhance nationwide co‑ordination through reforms overseen by the HDA.

Belgium’s decentralised healthcare structure divides responsibilities between the federal government and the regions, with federal agencies overseeing data governance and regions developing healthcare innovations. In Flanders, AI in healthcare is focused on genomics and diagnostics, supported by initiatives like Genome4Heart and the Flanders AI Academy (VAIA) (FPS BOSA[65]; Vlaanderen, 2019[66]; ELIXIR Belgium, 2022[67]). Wallonia emphasises medical AI tools and validation, participating in European projects like TEF-Health (BIH, 2024[68]), while Digital Wallonia 4 AI promotes AI adoption regionally (Digital Wallonia, 2019[69]). Brussels contributes with projects like AIM² and Translate-AD for digital health and Alzheimer’s disease diagnostics (EIT, 2024[70]; IHI, 2023[71]).

Table 4. Build strategic leadership in priority sectors: Key initiatives

Name	Start year	Short description (main goals)	Funding (including EU funding use)
Climate and environment
REASSURE	2022	REASSURE aims to develop and validate a context-aware data analytics toolkit to assess and optimise the reliability of sustainable energy systems. The toolkit integrates predictive models and context-aware analysis to ensure the robustness and adaptability of energy networks (VUB, 2024[72]).	EUR 1.73 million
COOMEP	2023	Coordination Mechanisms for the Sharing of Energy through Proxies (COOMEP) focuses on creating transferable knowledge and expertise to enable groups of households to co‑ordinate their energy usage behaviours and optimise energy sharing and consumption (VUB, 2024[73]).	EUR 1.17 million (common budget for COOMEP and DESTILL)
Digital Twin in Support of Sustainable and Resilient Energy Systems (DESTILL)	2023	DESTILL is focused on developing a digital twin solution for power installations, using hybrid modelling approaches that combine knowledge-based and data-driven methods. This project seeks to enhance the resilience and efficiency of energy systems, providing operators with innovative tools to monitor and optimise energy networks.	EUR 1.17 million (common budget for COOMEP and DESTILL)
SIRIUS Simulator Project	2024	The SIRIUS Simulator Project, led by Jetpack.AI, develops a decision support system to help distribution system operators plan long-term network investments. This tool adapts electric grids to the constraints of energy transitions, such as increased renewable energy integration, by providing data‑driven insights for sustainable grid management (Europol, 2024[74]).	EUR 247 000
sustAIn.brussels	2022	sustAIn.brussels is an EDIH based in the Brussels-Capital Region. It supports organisations in adopting sustainable and digital innovation, with a focus on AI and emerging technologies (sustAIn.brussels, 2024[75]).	Not reported
Prognostic Health Management and Improving Energy Production of Wind Turbine Parks	Not reported	This project focuses on predictive maintenance and health management of wind turbine parks. By leveraging advanced AI techniques, the initiative aims to optimise energy production, improve turbine reliability and reduce operational costs. The research is part of FAIR programme’s efforts to integrate AI into energy sector innovations (Flanders AI Research, 2024[76]).	Not reported
CENAERO participation in COSMIC project	2024	COSMIC is a European project bringing aiming to develop and scale sustainable AI-driven solutions. CENAERO will mainly focus on predictive maintenance for buildings and climate-resilient housing design.	Not reported
Health
Health Data Agency (HDA)	2023	The Belgian HDA, working with regional and federal partners, is creating a framework to improve access to quality health and healthcare-related data and optimise the reuse of data for purposes such as population health management, prevention and healthcare policy (HDA, 2024[63]).	Not reported
MedReSyst	2023	MedResyst is a strategic innovation initiative selected by the Government within the Smart specialisation strategy (S3) of Wallonia. By integrating biological data, exposomics, detailed clinical records and advanced AI, MedReSyst aims to enable precise predictions of disease development and personalised treatment responses (Health Data Authority, 2024[77]).	Not reported
MedTech Wallonia	Not reported	This initiative supported through the Walloon S3 aims at building a MedTech sector for Wallonia that integrates the entire product and service development value chain as well as all major strategic players, including hospitals. Digital technologies including AI play an important role in this context (MedTech Wallonia, 2025[78]).	Not reported
Smart and Social Home Care	2021	This initiative is a research and development project, aiming to create an innovative, secure and privacy-preserving smart home system to support elderly individuals living independently (Sirris, 2021[79]).	Not reported
TEF-Health	2023	TEF-Health is a European testing and experimentation facility (TEF). The Walloon node is co-funded by the EU (50%) and Wallonia (45%) (BIH, 2024[68]).	EUR 10 million
Translate-AD	2024	This project unites six universities and university hospitals to develop a digital platform for medical R&D and collaboration (ICT & Health, 2024[80]).	Not reported
Public sector
Digital Wallonia Strategy on Digital Administration	2022	This strategy aims to modernise public services, fostering collaboration through open data and serving as a testing ground for scalable digital solutions (including mobility-related services) (Digital Wallonia, 2022[81]).	EUR 850,000 (2022-2025)
AI usage in the Flemish public employment service (VDAB)	Not reported	The VDAB employs AI to enhance job-matching services, e.g. match job seekers with relevant positions and analyse their career histories, suggesting career paths and appropriate training opportunities (VRT News, 2024[82]).	Not reported
VLAIO AI-powered chatbot	Not reported	An AI-powered chatbot helps VLAIO address entrepreneurs’ queries on enterprise creation and innovation (VLAIO, 2023[83]).	Not reported
Charter for the Responsible Use of AI in Public Services	Under development	This project by AI4Belgium’s Ethics and Law Working Group aims to draft a charter defining ethical principles for AI use in public services (AI4Belgium, 2023[84]).	Not reported
AI Expertise Centre at the Digital Flanders Agency	2024	Established to support the adoption of AI within the Flemish government and local administrations by providing guidance, tools, and expertise to facilitate responsible and effective AI integration (Digitaal Vlaanderen, 2024[85]).	Not reported
AI for Intelligent Image Analysis	Not reported	In Flemish policy making, AI is used for intelligent image recognition to support mobility and environmental efforts, e.g. traffic analysis, congestion prediction, salting actions on highways, flood mapping, agricultural monitoring and soil sealing detection (Wegen & Verkeer, 2024[86]).	Not reported
AI Expertise Centre	2024	Established by Digitaal Vlaanderen to support the adoption of AI within the Flemish government and local administrations by providing guidance, tools, and expertise to facilitate responsible and effective AI integration.	Not reported
AI technological foundation	Not reported	This foundation will help drive and co-ordinate AI projects within the Public Service of Wallonia.	Not reported
AI@SPW	Not reported	The Public Service of Wallonia has launched this programme to: (1) Support AI adoption, (2) Ensure compliance with ethical standards, legal frameworks and security requirements, and (3) Ensure coherent management of AI projects by establishing a generative AI technological foundation.	Not reported
A Land for Tomorrow (Un pays pour demain)	Not reported	This federal government initiative collects proposals from citizens and experts on government reform and democracy. AI builds on these ideas to generate insights for policy making (Un pays pour demain, 2024[87]).	Not reported
Mobility
NAVAJO	2023	NAVAJO is a pilot project introducing an autonomous shuttle service in Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve. It was financed through Digital Wallonia and focuses on testing and validating autonomous transport technologies for integration into urban mobility frameworks (TEC, 2022[88]).	Not reported
MobiliData 2 Proloog	2024	MobiliData 2 Proloog supports the development of cutting-edge mobility solutions, including remote driving technologies (MobiliData, 2024[89]).	Not reported
CONTRIBUTE	2022	This strategic innovation initiative gathers industrial players, universities and research centres, with a focus on sustainable and safe mobility.
Flemish Task Force on Automated Driving	2023	Initiated by the Flemish Departments of Economy, Science and Innovation (EWI) and Mobility, this task force serves as a collaboration platform connecting research and innovation actors, mobility stakeholders and logistics operators.	Not reported
CitCom.ai TEF	2023	CitCom.ai, co-funded by the European Union, offers physical and virtual testing facilities for AI development in smart city environments, including for mobility applications. Services include algorithm validation, compliance and ethics guidance, impact and opportunity assessments and ecosystem engagement (CitCom.ai, 2024[90]).	EUR 1.7 million (2023‑27)
Agriculture/forestry/rural development
Digibiocontrol	2022	Digibiocontrol focuses on integrating AI and digital tools into biocontrol solutions for agriculture, e.g. data-driven strategies to optimise pest and disease management (Wagralim, 2024[91]).	Not reported
Agriculture of the Future programme (Agriculture du Futur)	Not reported	Digital Wallonia’s Agriculture of the Future programme aims to leverage digital technologies to optimised production techniques and foster environmentally friendly practices and enhanced farmer-consumer connections (Digital Wallonia, 2024[92]).	Not reported
Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO)	Not reported	The ILVO conducts various AI-based projects, such as precision farming, climate-smart agriculture and robotics for agrifood (Flanders AI Research, 2024[93]). It participates in the European TEF for Agrifood Innovation, co-funded by the Flemish government (agrifoodTEF, 2024[94]).	Part of the ILVO’s regular budget; EUR 2 million grant for the TEF
Towards the Food Factory of the Future	Not reported	This initiative fosters collaboration to enhance automation, AI-driven quality control and energy-efficient production processes (Flanders Food, 2025[95]).	Not reported
Valbowal	Not reported	Valbowal is the Walloon strategical innovation initiative working on forestry. It aims to use AI to develop new construction products allowing a durable carbon capture and storage, but also new conception and production methods (Wallonie.be, 2024[96]).	Not reported

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Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shall be Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one.