Environment in emerging and transition economies

The European Union’s Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine) struggle with environmental challenges related to the consumption and end-of-life management of many harmful products. This policy manual considers the potential use and implementation of four categories of product-related economic instruments to address some of these challenges: product taxes, tax differentiation based on environmental factors, deposit-refund systems and extended producer responsibility (EPR).

Improving the environmental performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) through better environmental compliance and green business practices in the manufacturing and services sectors.

Promoting a transparent and effective use of public environmentally-related spending in EECCA, examining how public policies could be designed to better catalyse and leverage private flows to low-carbon, green investments.