Development Co-operation Profiles: Indonesia

Indonesia pursues its development co-operation as part of its foreign policy, emphasising equality, mutual benefit, and the pursuit of global peace and prosperity. Over time, Indonesia has strengthened this approach, in particular through South-South and triangular co-operation (SSTC), building on its legacy as host of the Asia-Africa Conference in Bandung that served as the foundation of South-South co-operation in 1955. Indonesia’s dual role as provider and beneficiary has been acknowledged progressively, including through its leadership in development effectiveness (including as the current co-chair of the Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation), the establishment of the National Coordination Team for SSTC and the launch of the Indonesian Agency for International Development (Indonesian AID). Indonesia’s domestic commitments to green energy and climate action and transition towards net zero emissions by 2060 are in line with its ambition to tackle disparities between developed and developing countries, reduce global inequality, and integrate developing countries into the global economy.

This profile presents verified data on development assistance allocation. See the Development Co-operation Profiles.

Policy

In line with the country’s vision to become a globally influential, inclusive and prosperous country by 2045 (“Golden Indonesia 2045”), Indonesia aims to strengthen its role on the global stage by using its geopolitical position to promote global co-operation that aligns with the 2030 Agenda.

To realise the 2045 vision, Indonesia is guided by the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) for 2025-2029, which guides the first phase of Indonesia’s Long-term Development Plan 2025-2045 (RPJPN), emphasises the importance of international co-operation in achieving its goals for the 2030 Agenda. Established through Presidential Regulation No. 12 on 10 February 2025, the 2025-2029 RPJMN aims to promote poverty reduction; economic growth; human resource, infrastructure and regional development; and environmental sustainability, both domestically and internationally. South-South co‑operation was identified as priority in the previous 2015-2024 RPJMN, further reinforcing Indonesia’s commitment to development partnerships with other developing countries in the long term.

Indonesia seeks to achieve the objectives of the 2025-2029 RPJMN through strategic partnerships and collaborative initiatives in international co-operation around four modalities: 1) technical co-operation, through project-based collaboration, joint programmes, capacity-building initiatives, dispatch of technical co-operation agents and humanitarian aid missions; 2) South-South co-operation, by sharing good practices and joint initiatives with partner countries in areas such as agriculture, health, education and infrastructure; 3) triangular co-operation, by facilitating partnerships between Indonesia, provider countries and international organisations to co-design and co-finance development initiatives for beneficiary countries; and 4) public-private partnerships, by encouraging the Indonesian private sector to invest in other developing countries in areas such as infrastructure, manufacturing and services.

As part of its overall strategy, Indonesia continues championing global co-operation through active participation in international and regional platforms such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the G20, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Indian Ocean Rim Association, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Reflecting its leadership role, Indonesia has hosted numerous high-level summits, including the Asia-Africa Summit (2005), the G20 Summit (2022) and ASEAN Summits during its chairmanship. These milestones underscore Indonesia’s strategic positioning and bold commitment in contributing to global and regional solutions.

Indonesia’s blended finance in support of the green transition

Indonesia uses blended finance to support other developing countries’ sustainable development by leveraging its South-South and Triangular Co-operation (SSTC) Framework. With the Tri Hita Karana initiative, which actively contributed to the global blended finance agenda from a developing country perspective, Indonesia creates a conducive environment for private sector investment in development projects. It uses direct funding; leverages private sector investments in sectors such as health, energy and disaster management; and engages through collaborative projects, including public-private partnerships, training and knowledge sharing with multiple actors – government agencies, private partners and international organisations.

Clean energy and climate action to support the green transition remain a top priority for Indonesia. In 2024, Indonesia inaugurated the G20 Bali Global Blended Finance Alliance at the 10th World Water Forum in Bali. Building on Indonesia’s 2022 G20 Presidency and the G20 Bali Leaders’ Declaration, the alliance serves as a global community to accelerate investment in climate action and sustainable development, making a tangible contribution to addressing the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) financing gap through blended finance.

Indonesia is also using green finance initiatives to support environmental sustainability. This includes investments in renewable energy projects and other green infrastructure, including by supporting the scaling up of green bonds. With USD 6.9 billion in green sukuk¹ issued since 2018, Indonesia is the world’s largest green sukuk issuer and a market leader for sovereign green sukuk. In May 2022, Indonesia issued its 5th sovereign global green sukuk, valued at USD 1.5 billion, with a 4.7% coupon rate and 10-year tenor – which became the largest tranche ever printed globally and Indonesia’s first 10-year green sukuk tranche.

During its presidency of the G20 in 2022, Indonesia advanced the G20 Blended Finance Principles for developing countries, least developed countries (LDCs) and small island developing states (SIDS), advancing on the OECD-DAC Blended Finance Principles and a G20 Roadmap for Stronger Recovery and Resilience in Developing Countries, including LDCs and SIDS, drawing on the OECD’s work on the ocean economy and with SIDS.

Indonesia’s support to sustainable development

Information about the magnitude of Indonesia’s development co-operation is currently limited.

According to Indonesia’s 2025 Financial Notes and Proposed Budget, Indonesia’s newly created Indonesian AID provided USD 2 million and USD 2.2 million in 2020 and 2021, respectively.1

As a provider of South-South co-operation, Indonesia started reporting to the Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (TOSSD) at its inception in 2020 on activities in 2019. The latest information available covers 2022, when Indonesia reported USD 5.1 million in support of sustainable development in the form of cross-border resources to TOSSD recipients. Nine entities participated in Indonesia’s TOSSD reporting on activities in 2022. The below analysis is based on these data and does not reflect any other of Indonesia’s development co-operation activities.

Contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals

In 2022, Indonesia’s support to sustainable development mainly contributed to advancing SDG 4 (quality education), SDG 1 (no poverty) and SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities).

Cross-border resources to TOSSD recipients (Pillar 1)

Geographic allocation

In 2022, USD 2.3 million of Indonesia’s cross-border resources to TOSSD recipients were allocated to individual countries and regions (45%). In total, Indonesia’s cross-border flows reached 11 countries and territories in 2022. Most of this financing was provided to recipients in Asia (68%) and Africa (17%). Partners in Europe and Oceania together received 15% of Indonesia’s cross-border resources. Partners receiving the largest support from Indonesia included Pakistan, the Philippines and Ukraine. Fifty-five per cent (USD 2.8 million) was unallocated by region.

Sectoral distribution

In 2022, USD 3.5 million of Indonesia’s cross-border resources targeted social infrastructure and services in TOSSD recipients (69%), with a particular focus on education (USD 2.8 million; 55%) and to a lesser extent also health and population (USD 700 thousand; 13%). Agriculture, forestry, fishing and other production sectors were allocated USD 700 thousand (14%). Humanitarian aid amounted to USD 800 thousand (16%).

Triangular co-operation

Indonesia actively engages with numerous development partners by bringing its technical expertise to triangular co-operation initiatives, particularly in LDCs, through five modalities (projects, joint programmes, capacity-building initiatives, dispatch of technical co-operation agents and humanitarian assistance) in priority sectors such as agriculture, fisheries, renewable energy, health, climate change, peace and security, and inclusive economic development. With this, it fosters solidarity, promotes innovation and mobilises additional resources, all by responding flexibly and enhancing ownership and learning through inclusive, demand-driven partnerships.

In 2022, Indonesia reported a disbursement of USD 464 thousand under the TOSSD framework, with activities primarily benefiting the Philippines and other Asian countries. Key sectors supported included population policies and reproductive health, as well as industry, mining and construction.

Learn more about triangular co-operation.

Institutional set-up

Indonesia’s SSTC is co-ordinated by the National Coordination Team for South-South and Triangular Co‑operation (NCT), established in 2010, which consists of four key institutions: the Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas), the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of State Secretariat. Together, these four ministries provide strategic guidance and policy direction for the country’s development co-operation agenda, while relevant sectoral line ministries implement their activities. The NCT is also responsible for conducting monitoring and evaluation of programmes, ensuring effective execution of SSTC initiatives, and enhancing accountability and impact. In addition to its co‑ordination and oversight role, the NCT continues to strengthen governance, outreach and promotion to increase both domestic and international awareness of Indonesia’s contribution to South-South and triangular co-operation.

In addition, the Indonesian government established Indonesian AID in 2019. Operating as a public service agency under the Ministry of Finance, Indonesian AID is mandated to manage the endowment fund and to provide Indonesia’s international development assistance. Since its establishment, Indonesian AID has extended support to 58 countries, providing South-South and triangular co-operation in the form of training programmes, small-scale infrastructure projects, feasibility studies, technical equipment, and humanitarian assistance.

Other profiles

Access the full list of providers at this link: Development Co-operation Profiles.

Additional resources

Indonesia’s Long-Term Development Plan: https://indonesia2045.go.id

Presidential Regulation No. 12 for Indonesia’s National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) for 2025-2029: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/314638/perpres-no-12-tahun-2025 (Indonesian only)

Indonesia’s Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas): www.bappenas.go.id

Indonesia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs: https://www.kemlu.go.id

Indonesia’s Ministry of Finance: https://www.kemenkeu.go.id

Indonesia’s Ministry of State Secretariat: https://www.setneg.go.id

Indonesia’s Ministry of Finance, Indonesian Agency for International Development: https://ldkpi.kemenkeu.go.id/en

Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas), National Medium-Term Development Plan 2020-2024: jdih.bappenas.go.id/data/peraturan/Perpres_Nomor_18_tahun_2020_tentang_RPJMN_lampiran.pdf

Ministry of Finance, Green Sukuk Allocation and Impact Report 2023: api-djppr.kemenkeu.go.id/web/api/v1/media/18D7F060-7F13-41F5-9FE9-4B254B58D3E6

Ministry of Finance, Book II Financial Notes along with the Draft State Revenue and Expenditure Budget for Fiscal Year 2024: media.kemenkeu.go.id/getmedia/46a5372a-ddbc-4b8e-be87-6ea95d2f72a5/BUKU-II-Nota-Keuangan-RAPBN-TA-2024.pdf?ext=.pdf

Indonesia’s Global Blended Finance Alliance: https://www.thkforum.org/global-bfa

G20 Indonesia, G20 Principles to Scale up Blended Finance: https://inff.org/resource/2022-g20-principles-to-scale-up-blended-finance-in-developing-countries

OECD, Development Co-operation Systems of Six Countries in Southeast Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam: https://doi.org/10.1787/50b93151-en

Indonesia is an Adherent to the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. Learn more about OECD legal instruments and DAC Recommendations.

Indonesia has been one of the OECD’s five Key Partners since 2007, and Invitee of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) since 2013.

Indonesia participated in the 2025 DAC High Level Meeting.

Indonesia participated as an observer in the Peer Review of New Zealand in 2022.

Indonesia is a co-chair of the Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation.

The methodological notes provide further details on the definitions and statistical methodologies applied.

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← 1.  Exchange rates are based on annual average figures for 2020 and 2021, sourced from the International Monetary Fund.