Development Co‑operation Profiles: Monaco
Table of contents
The aim of Monaco’s international co-operation policy is to contribute directly to Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The resources devoted to the implementation of this policy have been constantly increasing since its launch in the early 2000s. The interventions are exclusively financed in the form of grants and their main objective is to improve the living conditions of the most vulnerable populations in developing countries. Priority is given to human development in the least developed countries (LDCs) and direct support to local actors, favouring the localisation of aid through a bilateral approach, also involving international actors. Monaco’s total official development assistance (ODA) was USD 28.9 million in 2024 (preliminary data), which was an increase from 2023.
This profile presents verified data on development assistance allocation. See the Development Co-operation Profiles.
Monaco’s interventions focus on supporting human development in 11 partner countries, including 7 LDCs in sub-Saharan Africa (Burkina Faso, Burundi, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and Senegal) and 4 middle-income countries (Lebanon, Morocco, South Africa and Tunisia). Interventions take the form of operational projects contributing to the three-year strategic plans. The current plan for 2022-2024 is structured around four sectoral priorities: 1) access to healthcare; 2) food security and nutrition; 3) education and child protection; and 4) access to decent work, including four flagships programmes: 1) community healthcare; 2) school meals; 3) education of vulnerable girls; and 4) entrepreneurship for women and young people.
Multilateral ODA is composed of assessed contributions and voluntary contributions to the various organisations of the international system, such as the United Nations (UN) and its agencies, multilateral funds, the Council of Europe and the International Organisation of the Francophonie. The main priorities for Monaco in its support to international organisations are human rights and sustainable development, including the fight against climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution.
Monaco provided USD 28.9 million (preliminary data) of ODA in 2024 (USD 28.2 million in constant terms).1 This was of 8.7% in real terms in volume from 2023. Total ODA on a grant-equivalent basis has the same value as net ODA under the cash-flow methodology used in the past, as Monaco provides only grants.
Monaco provided a higher share of its ODA bilaterally in 2023. Gross bilateral ODA was 90.4% of total ODA disbursements. Almost twenty-five per cent of gross bilateral ODA was channelled through multilateral organisations (earmarked contributions).
In 2023, Monaco provided USD 8.3 million of gross ODA to the multilateral system, a fall of 8.1% in real terms from 2022. Of this, USD 2.5 million was core multilateral ODA (9.6% of total ODA), while USD 5.8 million was non-core contributions earmarked for a specific country, region, theme or purpose. Project-type funding earmarked for a specific theme and/or country accounted for 76.3% of Monaco’s non‑core contributions and 23.7% was programmatic funding (to pooled funds and specific-purpose programmes and funds).
The UN system received 74.7% of Monaco’s contributions to multilateral organisations, of which USD 5.3 million (85%) represented earmarked contributions. Out of a total volume of USD 6.2 million to the UN system, the top three UN recipients of Monaco’s support (core and earmarked contributions) were the World Food Programme (USD 1.6 million), the UN Refugee Agency (USD 1 million) and the United Nations Environment Programme (USD 700 thousand).
See the section on Geographic, sectoral and thematic focus of ODA for the breakdown of bilateral allocations, including ODA earmarked through the multilateral development system.
In 2023, Monaco’s bilateral spending increased compared to the previous year. It provided USD 23.4 million of gross bilateral ODA (which includes earmarked contributions to multilateral organisations). This represented an increase of 1.6% in real terms from 2022.
In 2023, country programmable aid amounted to USD 15.3 million, or 65.4% of Monaco’s gross bilateral ODA, compared to the non-DAC country average of 37.7%.
In 2023, Monaco channelled its bilateral ODA mainly through NGOs and multilateral organisations.
In 2023, civil society organisations (CSOs) received USD 11.9 million of gross bilateral ODA, of which 35.2% was directed to developing country-based CSOs. Almost 50% was channelled through CSOs to implement projects initiated by the donor (earmarked funding). From 2022 to 2023, the combined core and earmarked contributions for CSOs increased as a share of bilateral ODA, from 48% to 50.8%. Learn more about the DAC Recommendation on Enabling Civil Society in Development Co-operation and Humanitarian Aid.
In 2023, Monaco’s bilateral ODA primarily focused on countries in Africa. USD 14.8 million was allocated to countries in Africa and USD 1.7 million to the Middle East, accounting respectively for 63.1% and 7.4% of gross bilateral ODA. USD 200 thousand was allocated to Latin America and the Caribbean. Countries in Africa were also the main regional recipients of Monaco’s earmarked contributions to multilateral organisations.
In 2023, 58.1% of gross bilateral ODA went to Monaco’s top 10 recipients; 9 out of 10 of the largest recipients were in Africa. The share of gross bilateral ODA not allocated by country was 34.9%, of which 0.2% consisted of expenditures for processing and hosting refugees in provider countries.
In 2023, Monaco allocated 0.11% of its GNI to LDCs. Monaco allocated the highest share of gross bilateral ODA (45.2%) to least developed countries in 2023, noting that 34.9% was unallocated by income group. Additionally, Monaco allocated 23.4% of gross bilateral ODA to land-locked developing countries in 2023, equal to USD 5.5 million.
Support to contexts with high and extreme fragility was USD 11 million in 2023, representing 47% of Monaco’s gross bilateral ODA. Almost 9% of this ODA was provided in the form of humanitarian assistance, an increase from 5.7% in 2022, while 6.4% was allocated to peace, a decrease from 13.8% in 2022. About 0.3 per cent of gross bilateral ODA went to conflict prevention, a subset of contributions to peace, representing a decrease from 0.3% in 2022. Learn more about the OECD States of Fragility platform.
In 2023, more than half of Monaco’s bilateral ODA was allocated to social infrastructure and services. Investments in this area accounted for 56.7% of bilateral ODA commitments (USD 13.3 million), with a strong focus on support to health and population (USD 5.1 million), education (USD 4 million), and other social infrastructure and services (USD 2.8 million). Production sectors amounted to USD 1.9 million (8.1% of bilateral ODA). Earmarked contributions to multilateral organisations focused also on social sectors and macro sectors in 2023.
In the period 2022-23, Monaco committed 17.6% of screened bilateral allocable ODA to gender equality and women’s empowerment, compared with the 2022-23 non-DAC country average of 2.2%. This is equal to USD 3.5 million of screened bilateral allocable ODA in support of gender equality on average per year. In addition:
The share of screened bilateral allocable ODA committed to gender equality and women’s empowerment as a principal objective was 4.7% in 2022-23, compared with the non-DAC country average of 0.5%.
Monaco includes gender equality objectives in 3.1% of ODA for humanitarian aid.
Monaco screens the majority of bilateral allocable ODA activities against the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) gender equality policy marker (94.2% in 2022-23).
Monaco committed USD 0.1 million of ODA to end violence against women and girls on average per year in 2022-23.
Learn more about the DAC Recommendation on Gender Equality and the Empowerment of All Women and Girls in Development Co-operation and Humanitarian Assistance and the DAC Recommendation on Ending Sexual Exploitation in Development Co-operation, and by exploring the dashboard on DAC members’ development finance for gender equality.
In 2022-23, Monaco committed 9.8% of its total bilateral allocable ODA (USD 2 million) in support of the environment and the Rio Conventions (the non-DAC country average was 0.4%). In addition:
Of Monaco’s total bilateral allocable ODA, 6.4% (USD 1.3 million) focused on climate change overall, down from 39.3% in 2020-21. Monaco had a greater focus on adaptation (6.1%) than on mitigation (3.1%) in 2022-23.
Four per cent of screened bilateral allocable ODA (USD 0.9 million) focused on biodiversity overall (the DAC average was 7.6%).
Learn more about the DAC Declaration on Aligning Development Co-operation with the Goals of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change.
Note: Individual Rio Markers should not be added up as this can result in double counting
In 2023, Monaco also:
Allocated 26.6% of its bilateral ODA (USD 6.2 million) to core poverty-reducing sectors as defined by SDG 1.a.1, which captures grants to basic social services (basic health and education, water supply and sanitation, multisector aid for basic social services) and development food aid. A further 7.3% of bilateral ODA (USD 1.7 million) went to social protection support.
Committed USD 2 million (9.5% of its bilateral allocable ODA) to promote aid for trade and improve developing countries’ trade performance and integration into the world economy in 2023.
Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (TOSSD) is an international statistical standard that monitors and increases transparency of all official and officially supported resources for financing the SDGs in developing countries, as well as for addressing global challenges. In 2023, activities reported by Monaco as TOSSD totalled USD 27.2 million, up from USD 26.6 million in 2022. Monaco’s TOSSD activities mostly targeted SDG 3 (good health and well-being), SDG 1 (end poverty) and SDG 4 (quality education). Activity-level data on TOSSD by recipient are available at: https://tossd.online.
Monaco’s policy on international co-operation is one of the components of the state’s public policies and is included in the annual budget. It is led by the Department of External Relations and Cooperation of the government of Monaco. Within the department, the effective supervision of development co-operation is the responsibility of the Direction of International Cooperation. Monaco is committed to localising its aid and gives priority to civil society actors.
Access the full list of providers at this link: Development Co-operation Profiles.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Co-operation website: https://en.gouv.mc/Government-Institutions/The-Government/Ministry-of-Foreign-Affairs-and-Cooperation
International Cooperation Office website: https://cooperation.gouv.mc/en
Monaco has been reporting to the OECD since 2022 at activity level.
The methodological notes provide further details on the definitions and statistical methodologies applied, including the grant-equivalent methodology, core and earmarked contributions to multilateral organisations, country programmable aid, channels of delivery, bilateral ODA unspecified/unallocated, bilateral allocable ODA, the gender equality policy marker, and the environment markers.
This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD.
This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.
© OECD 2025
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Attribution – you must cite the work.
Translations – you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text: In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and the translation, only the text of original work should be considered valid.
Adaptations – you must cite the original work and add the following text: This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed in this adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.
Third-party material – the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and for any claims of infringement.
You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.
Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shall be Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one.
← 1. DAC members adopted the grant-equivalent methodology starting from their reporting of 2018 data as a more accurate way to count the donor effort in development loans. See the methodological notes for further details.