Development Co‑operation Profiles: United States
Table of contents
The United States' development co-operation has changed significantly since 2024 when it was the world’s largest provider of official development assistance (ODA) and had substantial development programmes in all sectors and regions. The United States’ total official development assistance (ODA) (USD 29 billion, preliminary data) decreased by 56.9% in 2025, representing 0.09% of gross national income (GNI). The United States’ foreign assistance priorities include global health, economic security and resilient infrastructure.
This profile presents verified data on the United States’ development assistance allocations up to 2024 and preliminary data for 2025. See the Development Co-operation Profiles.
The US Department of State’s five-year (2026-2030) strategic plan outlines plans to use 40% of the country’s foreign assistance budget on the western hemisphere and East Asia in 2026, which would require more than quadrupling the share of US foreign assistance that collectively goes to these regions today. It also sets out how the Department of State’s ongoing assistance programmes fit into two basic categories: 1) lifesaving programmes, or time-limited health and humanitarian programmes, such as disaster response, food security initiatives and efforts to combat deadly diseases; and 2) strategic investments that advance longer term US interests by providing allies with security assistance, foreign military financing and economic support and by promoting commercial and trade ties through programmes that facilitate market access and US-led infrastructure development.
The 2022 OECD-DAC Peer Review praised the United States for the overall magnitude of its foreign assistance, including in global health; its commitment to diversity, equity, inclusion and accessibility in its programming and human resources; and its strong political commitment to locally led development and the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) internal system reform. The review found opportunities to build on bipartisan political support to forge an effective whole-of-government approach; work closely with Congress so that appropriated funds better align with partner countries’ needs; diversify development finance instruments and their uptake; and keep conflict prevention at the core of programming across all countries. The Peer Review found that of the 18 recommendations in the 2016 Peer Review, the United States had fully implemented 3 and partially implemented 12.
Discover insights from the United States’ 2022 Peer Review and learn from the United States’ practices in Development Co-operation Tools Insights Practices.
The United States provided USD 29 billion (preliminary data) of ODA in 2025 (USD 28.2 billion in constant terms), representing 0.09% of GNI.1 This was a decrease of 56.9% in real terms in volume and a 0.14% decrease in the share of GNI from 2024, marking the largest ever year-on-year reduction by any provider. The United States has not committed to the 0.7% ODA/GNI target. Total ODA on a grant-equivalent basis has the same value as net ODA under the cash-flow methodology used in the past, as the United States provides only grants.
In 2025, the United States ranked 33rd among Development Assistance Committee (DAC) member countries when ODA is taken as a share of GNI and is the 2nd largest DAC provider in terms of total ODA volume. In 2024, the United States had the highest share of gross bilateral ODA to health and population sectors (15.9%) and was a top provider of ODA to extremely fragile contexts (USD 6.6 billion).
The United States is committed to several international targets and DAC standards and recommendations. Learn more about DAC Recommendations.
Notes: This table only includes information about ODA data-related DAC recommendations. ODA: official development assistance; GNI: gross national income; DAC: Development Assistance Committee.
The United States provided most of its ODA bilaterally in 2024. Gross bilateral ODA was 89.9% of total ODA disbursements. Of this, 29% was channelled through multilateral organisations (earmarked contributions).
In 2024, the United States provided USD 23.8 billion of gross ODA to the multilateral system, a fall of 15.7% in real terms from 2023. Of this, USD 6.6 billion was core multilateral ODA (10.1% of total ODA), while USD 17.1 billion was non-core contributions earmarked for a specific country, region, theme or purpose. Project-type funding earmarked for a specific theme and/or country accounted for 84.3% of the United States’ non-core contributions, and 15.7% was programmatic funding (to pooled funds and specific-purpose programmes and funds).
The United Nations (UN) system received 45.9% of the United States’ contributions to multilateral organisations, of which USD 9.1 billion (83.8%) represented earmarked contributions. Out of a total volume of USD 10.9 billion to the UN system, the top three UN recipients of the United States’ support (core and earmarked contributions) were World Food Programme (USD 3.2 billion), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (USD 2 billion) and the International Organization for Migration (USD 1.3 billion).
See the section on Geographic, sectoral and thematic focus of ODA for the breakdown of bilateral allocations, including ODA earmarked through the multilateral development system.
Learn more by exploring the DAC members’ use of the multilateral system dashboard.
In 2024, the United States’ bilateral spending declined compared to the previous year. It provided USD 59.1 billion of gross bilateral ODA (which includes earmarked contributions to multilateral organisations). This represented a decrease of 3.5% in real terms from 2023.
In 2024, country programmable aid amounted to USD 25.9 billion, or 43.8% of the United States’ gross bilateral ODA, compared to the DAC country average of 46.5%.
The United States’ in-donor refugee costs amounted to USD 7 billion (11.8% of gross bilateral ODA) in 2024, while humanitarian aid was USD 14.9 billion, or 25.2% of gross bilateral ODA.
In 2024, the United States channelled its bilateral ODA mainly through public sector, multilateral organisations and NGOs. Technical co-operation made up 1% of gross ODA in 2024.
In 2024, civil society organisations (CSOs) received USD 11.5 billion of gross bilateral ODA, of which 11.2% was directed to developing country-based CSOs. Overall, 0% of gross bilateral ODA was allocated to CSOs as core contributions and 19.5% was channelled through CSOs to implement projects initiated by the provider (earmarked funding). From 2023 to 2024, the combined core and earmarked contributions for CSOs increased as a share of bilateral ODA, from 19.1% to 19.5%.
Learn more by reading the DAC Recommendation on Enabling Civil Society in Development Co-operation and Humanitarian Aid and by exploring the ODA to civil society organisations dashboard.
In 2024, the United States’ bilateral ODA primarily focused on countries in Africa. USD 15.9 billion was allocated to countries in Africa and USD 10.5 billion to ODA-eligible countries in Europe (of which 90.7% was for Ukraine), accounting respectively for 26.9% and 17.8% of gross bilateral ODA. USD 5.3 billion was allocated to Asia (excluding the Middle East). Because of ODA to Ukraine, Europe was also the main recipient of the United States’ earmarked contributions to multilateral organisations. Aligning to its strategic plan objective for 40% of US foreign assistance to be focused on Latin America and the Caribbean plus East Asia in 2026 will require a geographic reallocation of foreign assistance.
In 2024, 30.7% of gross bilateral ODA went to the United States’ top 10 recipients. The share of gross bilateral ODA not allocated by country was 39.5%, of which 29.9% consisted of expenditures for processing and hosting refugees in provider countries.
In 2024, the United States allocated 0.05% of its GNI to the least developed countries (LDCs). The United States allocated the highest share of gross bilateral ODA (28.2%) to lower middle-income countries in 2024, noting that 39.5% was unallocated by income group. LDCs received 22.5% of the United States’ gross bilateral ODA (USD 13.3 billion). Additionally, the United States allocated 12.2% of gross bilateral ODA to land-locked developing countries in 2024, equal to USD 7.2 billion. The United States allocated 3.8% of gross bilateral ODA to small island developing states (SIDS) in 2024, equal to USD 2.2 billion.
The distribution of the United States’ ODA in net terms in relation to “ODA per person in extreme poverty”2 was USD 16.2 in LDCs, USD 33.2 in lower middle-income countries and USD 47 in upper middle-income countries.
In 2025, the United States provided USD 873 million of net bilateral ODA to Ukraine to respond to the impacts of the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion, a 91.1% decrease from 2024 in real terms. USD 276.5 million of the amount was humanitarian assistance in 2025, a 54.3% decrease in real terms from 2024.
Support to contexts with high and extreme fragility was USD 17.5 billion in 2024, representing 29.7% of the United States’ gross bilateral ODA. Of this ODA, 42.4% was provided in the form of humanitarian assistance, a decrease from 48.3% in 2023, while 6.2% was allocated to peace, an increase from 5.5% in 2023. Conflict prevention, a subset of contributions to peace, represented 2.3% of gross bilateral ODA, increasing from 2.2% in 2023.
Learn more about the States of Fragility platform.
In 2024, the largest focus of the United States’ bilateral ODA was social infrastructure and services. Investments in this area accounted for 41.3% of bilateral ODA commitments (USD 24.4 billion), with a strong focus on support to government and civil society (USD 12.4 billion), health and population (USD 9.4 billion) and education (USD 1.8 billion). ODA for humanitarian assistance totalled USD 14.9 billion, with a focus on emergency response (USD 14.5 billion). Other macro sectors amounted to USD 13.3 billion (22.5% of bilateral ODA). Earmarked contributions to multilateral organisations also focused on social sectors and other macro sectors in 2024.
In the period 2023-2024, the United States committed 21.3% of screened bilateral allocable ODA to gender equality and women’s empowerment compared to 14.8% in 2021-2022 and a DAC average of 48.2% in 2023-2024. This is equal to USD 9.7 billion of screened bilateral allocable ODA in support of gender equality on average per year. In addition:
The share of screened bilateral allocable ODA committed to gender equality and women’s empowerment as a principal objective was 1.7% in 2023-2024, compared with the DAC average of 4.2%.
The United States includes gender equality objectives in 1.4% of ODA for humanitarian aid, below the 2023-2024 DAC average of 21.5%.
The United States screens all bilateral allocable ODA against the DAC gender equality policy marker (100% in 2023-2024).
The United States committed USD 17 million of ODA to end violence against women and girls, and USD 18.3 million to support women’s rights organisations and movements, and government institutions on average per year in 2023-2024.
Learn more by reading the DAC Recommendation on Gender Equality and the Empowerment of All Women and Girls in Development Co-operation and Humanitarian Assistance and the DAC Recommendation on Ending Sexual Exploitation in Development Co-operation, and by exploring the development finance for gender equality dashboard.
In 2023-2024, the United States committed 16% of its total bilateral allocable ODA (USD 7.3 billion) in support of the environment and the Rio Conventions, up from 10% in 2021-2022. The DAC average was 39%. In addition:
4.6% of screened bilateral allocable ODA focused on environmental issues as a principal objective, compared with the DAC average of 11.2%.
12.1% of total bilateral allocable ODA (USD 5.5 billion) focused on climate change overall (the DAC average was 35.4%), up from 6.6% in 2021-2022. The United States had a greater focus on adaptation (10.6%) than on mitigation (4.5%) in 2023-2024.
3.2% of screened bilateral allocable ODA (USD 1.5 billion) focused on biodiversity overall (the DAC average was 8.6%), up from 1.8% in 2021-2022.
Learn more about the DAC Declaration on Aligning Development Co-operation with the Goals of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change.
The OECD’s tracking of ODA for the sustainable ocean economy shows that the United States committed USD 141.3 million in support of the conservation and sustainable use of the ocean in 2024, USD 6.9 million less than in 2023. The 2024 value is equivalent to 0.3% of the United States’ bilateral allocable ODA.
In 2024, the United States:
Allocated 7.2% of its bilateral ODA (USD 4.2 billion) to core poverty-reducing sectors as defined by Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1.a.1. This indicator captures grants to basic social services (such as basic health and education, water supply and sanitation, multisector aid for basic social services) and development food aid. In addition, 0.2% of the United States’ bilateral ODA (USD 140.7 million) went to social protection support. Learn more by exploring the Reducing poverty and inequalities through ODA data explainer.
Committed USD 8.5 billion (18.3% of its bilateral allocable ODA) to address the immediate or underlying determinants of malnutrition in developing countries across a variety of sectors, such as emergency response, health, and population policies/programmes and reproductive health.
Committed USD 5 billion (10.8% of its bilateral allocable ODA) to promote aid for trade and improve developing countries’ trade performance and integration into the world economy in 2024. The United States is among the top 10 official providers of aid for trade globally. Learn more by exploring the Aid for Trade dashboard.
In 2024, total official and private flows from the United States to developing countries amounted to USD 240.6 billion in net terms. Official sources accounted for USD 88.3 billion while USD 152.3 billion originated from private sources.
To help build markets in developing countries and incentivise greater mobilisation of private resources for development, many providers, including the United States, have established development finance institutions and similar vehicles that extend private sector instruments (PSI). The United States does not account its PSI in ODA.
In 2024, the United States’ International Development Finance Corporation extended USD 2.9 billion in the form of PSI to developing countries.3 Of this, loans accounted for 100%.
In 2024, USD 281.5 million (9.6%) of the United States’ private sector instruments were allocated to the LDCs and other low-income countries (LICs). By contrast, 69.3% was received by middle-income countries, notably lower middle-income countries (40.3%). USD 621.6 million was unallocated by income. The United States’ PSI primarily supported projects in the business and other services (61.4%) and industry, mining, construction (27%) sectors.
The United States uses leveraging mechanisms to mobilise private finance for sustainable development. In 2024, the United States’ Agency for International Development, International Development Finance Corporation and the State Department mobilised USD 6.9 billion from the private sector through direct investment in companies and special purpose vehicles, guarantees, simple co-financing and shares in collective investment vehicles. This constituted a 7.8% decrease compared to 2023.
Private finance mobilised by the United States in 2023-2024 mainly targeted middle-income countries, representing 55.9% of its total mobilised. Only 14% of total mobilised private finance during this period benefited the LDCs and other low-income countries (LICs), noting that 30.1% was unallocated by income.
Mobilised private finance by the United States in 2023-2024 related mainly to activities in business and other services (31.6%), as its top sector. Furthermore, over this period, 33.9% of the United States’ total mobilised private finance was for climate action.
Learn more by exploring the Mobilisation of private finance for development dashboard.
Total official support for sustainable development (TOSSD) is an international statistical standard that monitors and increases the transparency of all official and officially supported resources for financing the SDGs received by developing countries (Pillar 1) and for addressing global challenges (Pillar 2). In 2024, activities reported by the United States as TOSSD totalled USD 100.9 billion, marking a 29% increase compared with the previous year.4
Activity-level data on TOSSD by recipient are available at: https://tossd.online.
The Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development placed a renewed emphasis on strengthening the effectiveness of all forms of development co-operation by upholding and elevating the Effectiveness Principles. Adherence to these principles is measured through the partner country-led monitoring exercise of the Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation (GPEDC).
Notes: The global aggregate results of the 4th GPEDC monitoring round (2023-2026) will be published in the forthcoming 2026 GPEDC Global Monitoring Report. Learn more about partner countries’ participation, progress and country-specific results by exploring the GPEDC Global Dashboard. CRS: Creditor Reporting System; IATI: International Aid Transparency Initiative.
Access the full list of providers at this link: Development Co-operation Profiles.
2022 OECD-DAC Peer Review of the United States: https://doi.org/10.1787/6da3a74e-en.
CSO umbrella organisation InterAction: https://www.linkedin.com/company/interaction/posts/?feedView=all.
Millennium Challenge Corporation: https://www.mcc.gov.
U.S. Department of State, Foreign Assistance, Humanitarian Affairs, and Religious Freedom Bureau: https://www.state.gov/bureaus-and-offices-list/#f.
US International Development Finance Corporation: https://www.dfc.gov.
The United States has been a member of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) since 1961.
The methodological notes provide further details on the definitions and statistical methodologies applied, including the grant-equivalent methodology, core and earmarked contributions to multilateral organisations, country programmable aid, channels of delivery, bilateral ODA unspecified/unallocated, bilateral allocable ODA, the gender equality policy marker, and the environment markers.
This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD.
This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.
The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
Note by the Republic of Türkiye
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Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union
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← 1. DAC members adopted the grant-equivalent methodology starting from their reporting of 2018 data as a more accurate way to count the donor effort in development loans. See the methodological notes for further details.
← 2. Aid per person in extreme poverty is calculated by dividing net ODA (bilateral and imputed multilateral) by the population in extreme poverty in each country. It estimates how much ODA each person in extreme poverty would receive if total ODA was divided evenly among the extreme poor. This metric does not measure the amount of ODA actually received by each person in extreme poverty, nor does it measure how much ODA goes to poverty reduction. It instead highlights patterns in total ODA allocations relative to the number of people living in extreme poverty in each country. Group averages are calculated based on a weighted average of aid per person in extreme poverty and the number of people in extreme poverty for each country in the group. See the methodological notes for further details.
← 3. In 2023, the DAC agreed on revised reporting methods for measuring PSI in ODA based on ODA grant equivalents. Members may, however, take up to two years to transition to the new methods, with their PSI continuing to be accounted for on a net ODA basis during the transition period.
← 4. This amount does not include mobilised private finance by United States.