The Organisation for Economic Co‑operation and Development’s (OECD) work on the economics of pandemic preparedness and response was conducted on behalf of its Health Committee by the public health team in the OECD Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs.
Preliminary versions of this publication were discussed at the 2023, 2024 and 2025 meetings of the OECD Expert Group on the Economics of Public Health (EGEPH), chaired respectively by Aaron Kearsley, Joanna Głażewska and Marianne Takki, and at the 2025 meeting of the OECD Health Committee, chaired by Chris Mullin. The authors are grateful to the many country experts and delegates who contributed and wish to thank in particular those from Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Slovenia and the United Kingdom for their constructive comments throughout the process.
The authors would also like to thank the organisations and institutions whose data were used in the analyses presented in this report. The authors are grateful to the organisations that have reviewed earlier versions of the report including the World Bank Group, the World Health Organization and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations. The work was funded through regular contributions from OECD Member countries and received support in particular from the European Union and the Government of France.
The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the OECD Member countries or the European Union. The organisations and institutions whose data were used in this report do not bear any responsibility for the analysis or interpretation of the data.