Critical minerals in Latin America and the Caribbean

Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) plays a strategic role in global mineral supply, holding 38.3% of global lithium reserves and 32.5% of copper reserves. As demand for critical minerals reshapes global trade, investment and economic relations, LAC’s mineral endowments position the region as an increasingly important partner in the diversification and resilience of global supply chains. This report examines the region’s resource potential, investment patterns, national strategies, fiscal regimes and responsible business conduct considerations. It highlights the opportunities and challenges for LAC to strengthen its position in global mineral value chains, including greater value addition, investment, infrastructure, technological and institutional capabilities, and effective fiscal governance. Despite a volatile geopolitical landscape, the report also identifies areas for further analysis and regional co-operation, as well as opportunities for stronger international engagement and partnerships. It provides a basis for dialogue on how LAC countries can leverage their mineral resources to deepen economic integration and strengthen their role in global mineral markets.