Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 2020
Developments in Agricultural Policy and Support by Country
Copy link to Developments in Agricultural Policy and Support by CountryAnnex 1.A. Sources and Definitions of Contextual Indicators
Copy link to Annex 1.A. Sources and Definitions of Contextual IndicatorsTable X.2. Contextual indicators
Copy link to Table X.2. Contextual indicatorsGross Domestic Product – GDP (USD billion in PPP): OECD National Accounts Statistics (database), Gross domestic product, USD, current prices, current PPPs. World Bank, World Development Indicators (WDI database) for Emerging Economies not available in the OECD database.
Population (million): OECD National Accounts Statistics (database), Population and employment by main activity. Calculation based on Eurostat database for the European Union. United Nations, World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision, Population, for Emerging Economies not available in the OECD database.
Land area (thousands km2): FAOSTAT Land Use (database), Land area (‘000 ha) recalculated to thousands km2. Land area excludes water areas.
Agricultural area (AA) (thousand ha): FAOSTAT Land Use (database), Agricultural area.
Population density (inhabitants/km2): OECD Regional and Cities (database), Regional demography, Population density and regional area. United Nations, World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision, Population density, for economies not available in OECD database. Calculation based on the Eurostat population and area databases for the European Union.
GDP per capita (USD in PPP): OECD National Accounts Statistics (database), Gross domestic product (output approach), per head, USD, current prices, current PPPs. World Bank, World Development Indicators (WDI database) for Emerging Economies not available in OECD database.
Trade as % of GDP: Calculation based on UN COMTRADE (database) for trade data, customs data, and GDP (local currency) indicator. Average trade calculated as (exports+imports)/2. The European Union aggregate does not account for intra-EU trade.
Agriculture share in GDP (%): OECD National Accounts Statistics (database), “National Accounts at a Glance”, Gross value added, Agriculture, forestry and fishing, percentage of total activity. Eurostat database for the European Union. World Bank, World Development Indicators (WDI database) for Emerging Economies not available in OECD database.
Agriculture share in employment (%): Calculation based on OECD Labour Force Statistics (database), Employment by activities and status (ALFS), as a share of employment in agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing in all activities (ISIC rev.3, A-B and A-X; ISIC rev.4, A and A-U). Calculation based on Eurostat, share of employed persons, aged 15 years and over, in agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing in total NACE activities, for the EU Member States. World Bank, World Development Indicators (WDI database), Employment in agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing as a share of total employment; and national data for Emerging Economies not available in OECD database.
Agro-food exports in total exports (%): Calculation based on UN COMTRADE (database). Agro-food definition does not include fish and fish products. Agro-food codes in H0: 01, 02, 04 to 24 (excluding 1504, 1603, 1604 and 1605), 3301, 3501 to 3505, 4101 to 4103, 4301, 5001 to 5003, 5101 to 5103, 5201 to 5203, 5301, 5302, 290543/44, 380910, 382360.
Agro-food imports in total imports (%): Calculation based on UN COMTRADE (database). Agro-food definition does not include fish and fish products.
Crop in total agricultural production (%): National data, share of value of total crop production (including horticulture) in total agricultural production.
Livestock in total agricultural production (%): National data, share of value of total livestock production in total agricultural production.
Share of arable land in AA (%): Calculation based on FAOSTAT Land Use (database), arable land as a share of agricultural area.
Table X.3. Productivity and environmental indicators
Copy link to Table X.3. Productivity and environmental indicatorsTFP annual growth (%): Agricultural Total Factor Productivity indexes of the USDA Economic Research Service use primarily FAO data supplemented by national data. Agricultural TFP indexes are estimates by country and for groups of countries aggregated by geographic region and income class. The European Union single area is recalculated from individual countries data and weights. The presented growth rates are sensitive to the choice of the time period. Reported values have changed relative to previous releases following the International Agricultural Productivity database update that includes revisions of historical estimates to reflect newly available data and modifications to the estimation procedures. The full documentation of the revisions is available at: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/international-agricultural-productivity/update-and-revision-history/.
USDA, Economic Research Service (2019), International Agricultural Productivity database, https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/international-agricultural-productivity/ (accessed December 2019).
Nitrogen balance (Kg/ha): Balance (surplus or deficit) expressed as kg nitrogen per hectare of total agricultural land calculated at the national level. OECD aggregate for nitrogen balance is calculated as the ratio between the total surplus and the total agricultural land area in the OECD area. European Union as a single area is calculated as the Gross Nitrogen Balance in the EU area over the utilised agricultural area of the EU.
OECD (2019), Agri-environmental indicators (database), http://www.oecd.org/tad/sustainable-agriculture/agri-environmentalindicators.htm.
Phosphorus balance (Kg/ha): Balance (surplus or deficit) expressed as kg phosphorus per hectare of total agricultural land calculated at the national level. OECD aggregate for phosphorus balance is calculated as the ratio between the total surplus and the total agricultural land area in the OECD area. European Union as a single area is calculated as the Gross Phosphorous Balance in the EU area over the utilised agricultural area of the EU.
OECD (2019), Agri-environmental indicators (database), http://www.oecd.org/tad/sustainable-agriculture/agri-environmentalindicators.htm.
Agriculture share of total energy use (%): Share of agricultural consumption in total final consumption (TFC).
International Energy Agency (2019), IEA World Energy Statistics and Balances (database), https://doi.org/10.1787/data-00512-en, and OECD Agri-environmental indicators (database), http://www.oecd.org/tad/sustainable-agriculture/agri-environmentalindicators.htm,
Agriculture share in total GHG emissions (%): Greenhouse gas emissions by source, excluding land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF). European Union as a single area is calculated from UNFCCC data as Agriculture greenhouse gas emissions in the EU area over the total GHG emissions in EU area.
UNFCCC Greenhouse Gas Inventory Database (2019), https://unfccc.int, and OECD Agri-environmental indicators (database), http://www.oecd.org/tad/sustainable-agriculture/agri-environmentalindicators.htm
Share of irrigated area in Agricultural Area (AA) (%): Share of irrigated area in total agricultural area.
OECD (2019), Agri-environmental indicators (database), http://www.oecd.org/tad/sustainable-agriculture/agri-environmentalindicators.htm and FAOSTAT database for Emerging Economies not available in OECD database.
Share of agriculture in water abstractions (%): Share of agriculture in total freshwater abstractions. European Union as a single area is calculated as the total abstractions for agriculture in the EU area over the total freshwater abstractions in the EU area.
OECD (2019), Agri-environmental indicators (database), http://www.oecd.org/tad/sustainable-agriculture/agri-environmentalindicators.htm.
Water stress indicator: The indicator refers to the intensity of use of fresh water resources. It is expressed as gross abstraction of freshwater as percentage of total available renewable freshwater resources. European Union is treated as a single area.
OECD (2019), “Water: Freshwater abstractions”, OECD Environment Statistics (database), http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00602-en.
Figure X.4. Main macro-economic indicators, 2000 to 2019
Copy link to Figure X.4. Main macro-economic indicators, 2000 to 2019Real GDP growth (%): OECD Country Statistical Profiles, real GDP growth. OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections (database) as a benchmark for the latest year. World Bank, World Development Indicators (WDI database) for Emerging Economies not available in OECD database.
Inflation rate (%): OECD National Accounts Statistics (database), Prices and Purchasing Power Parities, Annual average rate of change in Harmonized Indices of Consumer Prices (HICPs). World Bank, World Development Indicators (WDI database) for Emerging Economies not available in OECD National Accounts Statistics.
Unemployment rate (%): OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections (database), Labour market statistics. Eurostat database for the European Union. International Labour Organization (ILO), Unemployment rate by sex and age (estimates and projections) for Emerging Economies not available in OECD database.
Figure X.5. Agro-food trade
Copy link to Figure X.5. Agro-food tradeAgro-food exports (USD billion), 2000 to 2018: UN COMTRADE (database). Agro-food definition does not include fish and fish products.
Agro-food imports (USD billion), 2000 to 2018: UN COMTRADE (database). Agro-food definition does not include fish and fish products.
Composition of agro-food trade, 2018: UN COMTRADE (database). Agro-food definition in HS classification (see above) combined with the Classification by Broad Economic Categories (BEC) to generate breakdowns into type of commodities (Primary or Industrial commodities) and type of destination (Consumption or Industry).
Figure X.6. Composition of agricultural output growth, 2007-16
Copy link to Figure X.6. Composition of agricultural output growth, 2007-16TFP annual growth (%): Agricultural Total Factor Productivity indexes of the USDA Economic Research Service use primarily FAO data supplemented by national data. Input growth is the weighted-average growth in quality-adjusted land, labour, machinery power, livestock capital, synthetic NPK fertilisers, and animal feed, where weights are input (factor) cost shares. Special breakdown created to dissociate primary factors (land, labour, machinery and livestock) from intermediate input (feed and fertilizer) growth. Output growth corresponds to gross agricultural output for each country.
Agricultural TFP indexes are estimates by country and for groups of countries aggregated by geographic region and income class. The European Union single area is recalculated from individual countries data and weights. The presented growth rates are sensitive to the choice of the time period.
Reported values have changed relative to previous releases following the International Agricultural Productivity database update that includes revisions of historical estimates to reflect newly available data and modifications to the estimation procedures. The full documentation of the revisions is available at: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/international-agricultural-productivity/update-and-revision-history/. USDA, Economic Research Service (2019), International Agricultural Productivity database, https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/international-agricultural-productivity/ (accessed December 2019).
Indicators used to calculate selected ratio and percentage indicators
Copy link to Indicators used to calculate selected ratio and percentage indicatorsGDP (local currency): OECD National Accounts Statistics (database), Gross domestic product, local currency, current prices. OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections (database) as a benchmark for the latest year. Calculation based on Eurostat database for the European Union. World Bank, World Development Indicators (WDI database) for Emerging Economies not available in the OECD database.
Agriculture Gross Value Added (local currency) (AgGVA): Calculation based on Agriculture share in GDP (%) and GDP (local currency) indicators.
Deflator: OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections (database), Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator. Eurostat database for the European Union. World Bank, World Development Indicators (WDI database) for Emerging Economies not available in the OECD database.
Exchange rate: OECD National Accounts Statistics (database), Prices and Purchasing Power Parities, Nominal Exchange Rate. Eurostat database for the European Union and EU Member States. World Bank, World Development Indicators (WDI database) and national data for Emerging Economies not available in the OECD database.
Currencies
Copy link to Currencies|
ARS |
Argentinian peso |
JPY |
Japanese yen |
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AUD |
Australian dollar |
KRW |
Korean won |
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BRL |
Brazilian real |
KZT |
Kazakh tenge |
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CAD |
Canadian dollar |
MXN |
Mexican peso |
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CLP |
Chilean peso |
NOK |
Norwegian krone |
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COP |
Colombian peso |
NZD |
New Zealand dollar |
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CHF |
Swiss frank |
PHP |
Philippines peso |
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CNY |
Chinese yuan renminbi |
RUR |
Russian rouble |
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CRC |
Costa Rican colon |
TRY |
New Turkish lira |
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EUR |
Euro |
UAH |
Ukrainian hryvnia |
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IDR |
Indonesian roupiah |
USD |
United States dollar |
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INR |
Indian rupee |
VND |
Vietnamese dong |
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ILS |
Israeli shekel |
ZAR |
South African rand |
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ISK |
Icelandic krona |