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Child well-being drivers

Find comparative data on the drivers of child well-being, including their own activities, attitudes, behaviours and relationships, as well as the broader settings and environments in which they live.

Data on children's activities, attitudes, behaviours and relationships are organised into five core areas:

- Family activities and relationships
- Health behaviours and activities
- Social, leisure and civic activities and relationships
- Learning activities, attitudes, behaviours and relationships
- Digital activities, attitudes and behaviours

Further down this page, data on children's environments are split into three areas:

- Family and home environment
- School and early childhood education and care environment
- Community and physical environment

 

Family activities and relationships

    Age range Years available Data access/download
Activities at home and with parents and family       
  Time spent by parents on child care/supervision and on teaching, reading and playing (FAM_PTIM) - Various Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report regularly "having fun" with family (FAM_FFUNA) 8-, 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who participated in early literacy and numeracy activities with parents when young      
  - Children who often participated in early literacy and numeracy activities with parents when young (FAM_ELAPA) 10-year-olds 2019 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who rarely participated in early literacy and numeracy activities with parents when young (FAM_ELAPB) 10-year-olds 2019 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report eating family meals together every day (FAM_EFMT) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
Child-parent and child-family relationships       
  Children who report finding it easy and finding it difficult to talk to their parents      
  Children who report finding it easy to talk to their parents (FAM_TLKPA) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2013/14, 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report finding it difficult to talk to their parents (FAM_TLKPB) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2013/14, 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report feeling listened to by parents (FAM_LSTPA) 8-, 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report feeling like they participate in decision-making at home (FAM_PDMHA) 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report emotional support from their parents      
  - Children who strongly agree that their parents support their education efforts (FAM_PSEEA) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who disagree (or strongly disagree) that their parents support their education efforts (FAM_PSEEB) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who strongly agree that their parents support them when facing difficulties at school (FAM_PSFDA) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who disagree (or strongly disagree) that their parents support them when facing difficulties at school (FAM_PSFDB) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who strongly agree that their parents encourage them to be confident (FAM_PECFA) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who disagree (or strongly disagree) that their parents encourage them to be confident (FAM_PECFB) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report high and low satisfaction with the people they live with      
  - Children who report high satisfaction with the people they live with (FAM_SPLWA) 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who report low satisfaction with the people they live with (FAM_SPLWB) 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)

Health behaviours and activities

    Age range Years available Data access/download
Eating behaviours      
  Children who report daily sweets and soft drink consumption (HBA_DSSD) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2013/14, 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
Protective health behaviours      
  Children who report difficulties sleeping (HBA_DSLP) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2013/14, 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report often feeling tired when arriving at school (HBA_OTIR) 10-year-olds 2016, 2019 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report daily exercise and rarely engaging in exercise      
  - Children who report doing the WHO-recommended daily exercise (HBA_DEXE) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2013/14, 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who report rarely engaging in exercise (HBA_REXE) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2013/14, 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report regular vigorous exercise outside school (HBA_VEXE) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2013/14, 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report regular teeth brushing (HBA_TBRS) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2013/14, 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
Risky health behaviours       
  Children who report recent tobacco use (HBA_RSMK) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2013/14, 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report lifetime drunkenness (HBA_LDNK) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2013/14, 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report recent drunkenness (HBA_RDNK) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2013/14, 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)

Social, leisure and civic activities and relationships

    Age range Years available Data access/download
Social and leisure activities       
  Children who report playing or spending time outside (SOC_PLYOA) 8-, 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
Friendships, peer relationships, and social support       
  Children who report often having been involved in physical fighting (SOC_FGHT) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2013/14, 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who believe that they have enough friends (SOC_FRNEA) 8-, 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who believe that their friends are nice to them (SOC_FRNNA) 8-, 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who believe that their friends will support them if they have a problem (SOC_FRNSA) 8-, 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report feeling supported by their friends      
  - Children who report feeling high overall support from their friends (SOC_FRSUA) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2013/14, 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who report feeling low overall support from their friends (SOC_FRSUB) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2013/14, 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report high and low satisfaction with their friends      
  - Children who report high satisfaction with their friends (SOC_SFRNA) 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who report low satisfaction with their friends (SOC_SFRNB) 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
Civic and voluntary activities, and community relations       
  Children who report engaging in voluntary work (SOC_VOLW) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report high and low satisfaction with how they are listened to by adults      
  - Children who report high satisfaction with how they are listened to by adults (SOC_SLISA) 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who report low satisfaction with how they are listened to by adults  (SOC_SLISB) 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
Satisfaction with time use       
  Children who report high and low satisfaction with how they use their time      
  - Children who report high satisfaction with how they use their time (SOC_STMUA) 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who report low satisfaction with how they use their time  (SOC_STMUB) 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)

Learning activities, attitudes, behaviours and relationships

    Age range Years available Data access/download
School and ECEC participation and attendance       
  Children participating in early childhood education and care, by age group      
  - 0- to 2-year-olds participating in early childhood education and care (LRN_ECECA) 0- to 2-year-olds 2005-2019 Via the OECD Family Database
  - 3- to 5-year-olds participating in early childhood education and care (LRN_ECECB) 3- to 5-year-olds 2005-2018 Via the OECD Family Database
  Children who report having recently skipped a whole day of school  (LRN_SKPD) 15-year-olds 2012, 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report regularly being absent from school (LRN_SCAB) 10-year-olds 2015, 2016, 2019 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report having changed schools two or more times (LRN_SCCH) 15-year-olds 2009, 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
Connectedness and belonging at school       
  Children who report having opportunities to participate in decision-making at school (LRN_SCDMA) 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who feel like they belong at school (TIMSS/PIRLS) (LRN_TBELA) 10-year-olds 2011, 2015, 2016, 2019 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who feel like they belong at school (PISA)      
  - Children who agree (or strongly agree) that they feel like they belong at school (LRN_PBELA) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who agree (or strongly agree) that they feel lonely at school (LRN_SCLNA) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who agree (or strongly agree) that they feel like an outsider at school (LRN_SCOTA) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
Child-teacher and child-classmate relationships       
  Children who report that their teachers listen to them (LRN_TLSTA) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report that their teachers are fair to them (LRN_TFRTA) 10-year-olds 2015, 2016, 2019 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report experiencing bullying at school (PISA) (LRN_PBUL) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report experiencing bullying by other students (TIMSS/PIRLS)      
  - Children who report experiencing bullying by other students at least monthly (LRN_TBULA) 10-year-olds 2015, 2016, 2019 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who report experiencing bullying by other students at least weekly (LRN_TBULB) 10-year-olds 2015, 2016, 2019 Download (.xlsx)
Learning motivation and aspirations       
  Children who express high and low relative learning goals      
  - Children who express high relative learning goals (LRN_LRNGA) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who express low relative learning goals (LRN_LRNGB) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who believe in the value of school      
  - Children who agree (or strongly agree) that trying hard at school is important (LRN_SCIMA) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who agree (or strongly agree) that trying hard at school will help them get a good job (LRN_SCIJA) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who agree (or strongly agree) that trying hard at school will help them get into a good university (LRN_SCIUA) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who expect to complete tertiary education (LRN_EXTE) 15-year-olds 2009, 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who expect a high-skill career (LRN_EXHS) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who are uncertain about their career expectations (LRN_EXUN) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children whose parents expect them to complete tertiary education (LRN_PEXT) 10-year-olds 2011, 2015, 2016, 2019 Download (.xlsx)
Home and out-of-school learning activities       
  Children who report regularly reading for enjoyment (PIRLS) (LRN_PRFN) 10-year-olds 2011, 2016 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report regularly reading for enjoyment (PISA) (LRN_PIFN) 15-year-olds 2009, 2018 Download (.xlsx)

Digital activities, attitudes and behaviours

    Age range Years available Data access/download
Digital activities and behaviours       
  Children who report heavy internet use (DIG_IHVY) 15-year-olds 2012, 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report using digital devices for leisure every day or almost every day      
  - Children who report playing one-player or collaborative online games every day or almost every day (DIG_DGME) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who report participating in social networks every day or almost every day (DIG_DSOC) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who report browsing the Internet for fun every day or almost every day (DIG_DBRW) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who report reading news on the Internet every day or almost every day (DIG_DNWS) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who report obtaining practical information from the Internet every day or almost every day (DIG_DINF) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report using digital devices for schoolwork outside of school every day or almost every day (DIG_DSCW) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report "forgetting" about time when using digital devices  (DIG_DDFG) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report frequent and intensive online communication (DIG_FIOC) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report a strong preference for online (rather than face-to-face) communication (DIG_POSI) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report problematic social media use (DIG_SMPU) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report having been a victim of cyber-bullying (DIG_CYBU) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report having cyber-bullied others (DIG_CYBO) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
Digital attitudes       
  Children who believe that the Internet is a useful resource for obtaining information      
  - Children who strongly agree that the Internet is a useful resource for obtaining information (DIG_IGRIA) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who disagree (or strongly disagree) that the Internet is a useful resource for obtaining information (DIG_IGRIB) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who believe that social networks are very useful      
  - Children who strongly agree that social networks are very useful (DIG_USNIA) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who disagree (or strongly disagree) that social networks are very useful (DIG_USNIB) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who like using digital devices      
  - Children who strongly agree that they like using digital devices (DIG_LUDDA) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who disagree (or strongly disagree) that they like using digital devices (DIG_LUDDB) 15-year-olds 2015, 2018 Download (.xlsx)
Knowledge and understanding of online risks       
  Children who report being taught how to trust information online (DIG_TTIO) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report being taught the implications of making information public online (DIG_TCMP) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report being taught how to tell if information is subjective or biased (DIG_TISB) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report being taught how to detect phishing or spam emails (DIG_TPSE) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)

 

Data on children's environments are split into three areas:

- Family and home environment
- School and early childhood education and care environment
- Community and physical environment

 

Family and home environment

    Age range Years available Data access/download
Family financial resources and work arrangements       
  Children living in relative income poverty (FHE_RIPR) 0- to 17-year-olds 1976- Via the OECD Income Distribution Database
  Low wealth and high debt rates in households with children      
  - Liquid wealth poverty rates in households with children (FHE_LWPR) - 2009-2019 Download (.xlsx)
  - Net wealth poverty rates in households with children (FHE_NWPR) - 2009-2019 Download (.xlsx)
  - Financial vulnerability rates in households with children (FHE_FNVR) - 2009-2019 Download (.xlsx)
  - Over-indebted rates in households with children (FHE_OIHR) - 2009-2019 Download (.xlsx)
  Children in households experiencing difficulties making ends meet (FHE_DMEM) 0- to 17-year-olds 2010-2020 Download (.xlsx)
  Children in households with no capacity to face unexpected expenses (FHE_DEXP) 0- to 17-year-olds 2010-2020 Download (.xlsx)
  Children in households experiencing arrears (FHE_DARS) 0- to 17-year-olds 2010-2020 Download (.xlsx)
  Children in households experiencing housing cost overburden (FHE_HCOV) 0- to 17-year-olds 2010-2020 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report worrying about family finances      
  - Children who report regularly worrying about family finances (FHE_WFFIA) 8-, 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who report never worrying about family finances (FHE_WFFIB) 8-, 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
  Children in working and in jobless households (FHE_HEMPA) 0- to 14-year-olds 1998-2018 Via the OECD Family Database
Family living and custody arrangements       
  Children living with two, one or no parents (FHE_HLIVA) 0- to 14-year-olds 2001-2018 Via the OECD Family Database
  Children who live with step-parents (FHE_HLSP) 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds 2013/14, 2017/18 Download (.xlsx)
Family physical and mental health       
  Children living with parents with poor general health (FHE_PHTH) 0- to 17-year-olds 2010-2020 Download (.xlsx)
  Children living with parents who report strong limitations in activities due to health (FHE_PLIM) 0- to 17-year-olds 2010-2020 Download (.xlsx)

School and early childhood education and care environment

    Age range Years available Data access/download
School and early childhood education and care climate       
  Children in schools that do and do not report problems with school discipline      
  - Children in schools that report "moderate to severe" problems with school discipline (SCH_SDISA) 10-year-olds 2019 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children in schools that report "hardly any" problems with school discipline (SCH_SDISB) 10-year-olds 2019 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report high and low relative perceived enthusiasm from their teachers      
  - Children who report high relative perceived enthusiasm from their teachers (SCH_TENTA) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who report low relative perceived enthusiasm from their teachers (SCH_TENTB) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report low relative perceived support from their teachers (SCH_TSUP) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report positive and negative relative school disciplinary climates      
  - Children who report a positive relative school disciplinary climate (SCH_SDICA) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who report a negative relative school disciplinary climate (SCH_SDICB) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report high and low relative perceived student co-operation      
  - Children who report high relative perceived student co-operation (SCH_SCOPA) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who report low relative perceived student co-operation (SCH_SCOPB) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report high and low relative perceived student competition      
  - Children who report high relative perceived student competition (SCH_SCOMA) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who report low relative perceived student competition (SCH_SCOMB) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children in schools with high relative staff shortages (SCH_SSSH) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children in schools with high relative educational material shortages (SCH_SESH) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)
  Children whose parents agree that their child's school promotes high academic standards (SCH_SPHSA) 10-year-olds 2015, 2016, 2019 Download (.xlsx)
School- and teacher-parent relationships       
  Children whose parents agree that their child's school includes them in their child's education (SCH_SINCA) 10-year-olds 2015, 2016, 2019 Download (.xlsx)
  Children whose parents agree that their child's school keeps them well informed on their child's education (SCH_SWINA) 10-year-olds 2015, 2016, 2019 Download (.xlsx)
School and ECEC-provided material supports and activities       
  Children in schools that offer creative extra-curricular activities (SCH_SEXC) 15-year-olds 2018 Download (.xlsx)

Community and physical environment

    Age range Years available Data access/download
Local play and leisure services/facilities       
  Children who believe that there are enough places to play in their local area (CPE_EPPOA) 8-, 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
Crime and violence       
  Children in households that report crime and violence in their local area (CPE_PCRM) 0- to 17-year-olds 2010-2020 Download (.xlsx)
  Children who report that they feel safe in their local area (CPE_FSLAA) 8-, 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
Noise, pollution and air and water quality       
  Children in households that report problems with noise (CPE_PNSE) 0- to 17-year-olds 2010-2020 Download (.xlsx)
  Children in households that report problems with pollution (CPE_PPOL) 0- to 17-year-olds 2010-2020 Download (.xlsx)
  Population exposure to fine particulate (PM2.5) concentrations exceeding WHO guidelines (CPE_EFPM) - 1990-2019 Via OECD Environment Statistics
  Child morbidity from exposure to air pollution      
  - Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost to Ambient Particulate Matter for children under age 15 (CPE_MAPM) 0- to 15-year-olds 1990-2019 Via OECD Environment Statistics
  - Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost to household air pollution for children under age 15 (CPE_MHAP) 0- to 15-year-olds 1990-2019 Via OECD Environment Statistics
  Child morbidity from exposure to unsafe water and sanitation      
  - Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost to unsafe water for children under age 15 (CPE_MUNW) 0- to 15-year-olds 1990-2019 Via OECD Environment Statistics
  - Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost to unsafe sanitation for children under age 15 (CPE_MUNS) 0- to 15-year-olds 1990-2019 Via OECD Environment Statistics
  - Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to no access to handwashing facilities, for children under age 15 (CPE_MHNW) 0- to 15-year-olds 1990-2019 Via OECD Environment Statistics
Satisfaction with the local area       
  Children who report high and low satisfaction with the area where they live      
  - Children who report high satisfaction with the area where they live  (CPE_SLCAA) 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)
  - Children who report low satisfaction with the area where they live  (CPE_SLCAB) 10- and 12-year-olds 2016/19 Download (.xlsx)