Using digital resources for learning

Advances in digital technology have the potential to profoundly transform teaching and learning. Prepared as part of the OECD project “Resourcing School Education: Policies for the Digital Transformation of Education and Future-Readiness of Teachers”, this working paper draws on data from PISA 2022 to analyse how students and teachers are using digital resources for learning activities today. Following a description of schools’ digital infrastructure, the paper analyses how students use digital resources for learning and which factors are associated with a more intensive use of digital technology in schools. Drawing on previously unexamined data from the PISA Teacher Questionnaire, it then analyses the digital tools that teachers use and how they employ them. Using cluster analysis, the paper identifies distinct patterns in students’, teachers’ and schools’ approaches to digital learning, revealing significant heterogeneity across and within countries. The paper concludes with insights that can guide the design and implementation of more effective and equitable digital education policies.