Guidance on Sample Preparation and Dosimetry for Manufactured Nanomaterials, 2025 Edition

The Guidance on Sample Preparation and Dosimetry (GSPD) is a cornerstone for reliable safety testing of manufactured nanomaterials. It provides comprehensive principles and practical recommendations for preparing samples and delivering accurate doses across physical, chemical, ecotoxicological, and toxicological studies. By addressing challenges such as agglomeration, sedimentation, and dose metric selection, GSPD ensures reproducibility and scientific integrity in testing. Its structured approach supports consistent characterisation, tailored preparation methods, and transparent documentation, enabling meaningful results and regulatory confidence. As a living document, GSPD evolves with scientific progress, contributing to harmonised practices and advancing safe innovation in nanotechnology globally. A previous version of this report was published in 2012.