Anticipatory governance for responsible innovation in synthetic biology

Responsible innovation in synthetic biology is reshaping biotechnology policy worldwide. This paper examines how governments are adapting governance frameworks for synthetic biology, using the OECD Framework for Anticipatory Governance of Emerging Technologies as an analytical lens. The analysis reviews national strategies, regulatory initiatives and policy instruments across OECD members and partners, identifying emerging practices across five governance dimensions: guiding values, strategic intelligence, stakeholder engagement, agile regulation and international co-operation. Drawing on examples from national advisory mechanisms and innovation programmes, the paper illustrates how governments are integrating anticipatory governance principles into bioeconomy policy. While these approaches signal a shift toward more forward-looking and adaptive regulation, implementation remains uneven across jurisdictions. The paper concludes with policy considerations for strengthening anticipatory governance and supporting responsible innovation in the emerging bioeconomy.