Publications & Documents

Young people have demonstrated resilience to shocks and led positive change in their communities across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Young people (aged under 30) constitute more than half (55%) of the population across MENA, compared with 36% of the population across OECD countries. While challenges vary significantly across the region, youth unemployment rates are among the highest in the world, young people tend to express low trust in public institutions, and nearly four in ten live in fragile and conflicted-affected areas. The COVID-19 crisis has underscored the need to place the needs of young people at the centre of an inclusive and resilient recovery. To support this process, this report analyses current governance arrangements and practices across 10  MENA governments in three areas: 1) uniting all government stakeholders to implement a shared, integrated youth policy and deliver services to young people; 2) building administrative and institutional capacities to mainstream the perspectives of young people in policy making; and 3) encouraging the participation and representation of young people and youth stakeholders in public and political life.

The global COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected Fiji, hitting at backbone economic sectors, such as international tourism and export fisheries. It has also brought to the fore the need to embark on a more sustainable model of development. This report examines Fiji’s economic and sustainability trends, as well as the governance and financing of its ocean economy before and during the COVID-19 crisis. It provides an initial mapping of promising initiatives and funding instruments that can be developed and scaled up to foster a sustainable blue recovery, focusing on four main areas: sustainable fisheries, sustainable tourism, green shipping and marine conservation.

Initially launched in 2017, the OECD annual Blended finance Funds and Facilities Survey compiles and analyses information on collective investment vehicles, one of the primary channels for blended finance. In 2020, the third annual edition captured 198 vehicles, representing USD 75 billion assets under management. The survey helps policy makers and private sector actors better grasp the size and shape of a segment of the blended finance market. By bringing together data of different development actors that, collectively, are a significant contributor to sustainable finance, this survey makes an important contribution to enhancing understanding and transparency. Transparency is increased through the data collection and analysis, and understanding is increased through the aggregation of the data that highlight the main investments trends. The quantitative analysis is complemented by OECD statistics on private finance mobilised by official development interventions, as well as by information provided by other specialised institutions. This new evidence confirms trends observed on the broader blended finance market in terms of priority sectors, geographical coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals targeted. This year’s edition also explores additional aspects such as investors, clients and investment instruments, and has a particular focus on gender.

The Global Compendium of Land Value Capture, a joint project by the OECD and the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, is an ambitious undertaking to understand the full landscape of land value capture (LVC) instruments, how they are configured and deployed across the globe in OECD countries and non-OECD economies, and what it would take to unleash their full potential as a sustainable revenue source. Moreover, little systematic information is available about the LVC instruments that countries use and enabling frameworks at national and regional levels to guide local governments toward greater use. The report features an overview of the political contexts, legal frameworks, and LVC approaches used in 60 countries. Special attention is given to the differences and similarities between countries that have a mature LVC practice, versus countries that have nascent policies and allowances. This will help countries developing the capacity and competences for LVC to understand the opportunities, trade-offs, and pitfalls to avoid when configuring legal, governance, and planning frameworks and institutions to support the implementation of LVC policies.

Women around the world are facing unprecedented levels of targeted political violence. This is also true in West Africa. Women can be targeted in a myriad of ways, by an array of types of perpetrators, during and outside of periods of conflict and contentious crises. The result though is consistent: such targeted violence has worrying implications for women’s political participation as well as their involvement in the public sphere. Political violence targeting women (PVTW) in West Africa has become increasingly common, with this trend increasing even more dramatically in recent years. The threat and risks, however, have not been uniform: different types of violence and different primary perpetrators dominate the gendered violence landscape across countries. Using data from ACLED, this paper tracks how women are targeted, and who is targeting women. Only by understanding how threats and risks that women face differ across countries can strategies be created to protect women.

La Norvège a accompli des progrès sur la voie de la croissance verte au cours de la dernière décennie. Le pays est aux avant-postes dans de nombreux domaines environnementaux et investit massivement dans le développement technologique et l'innovation pour soutenir sa transition verte. À l’échelle nationale, la Norvège s’est fixé des objectifs environnementaux ambitieux dans tous les secteurs, y compris dans la lutte contre le changement climatique. Le pays a pour ambition d’atteindre la neutralité climatique à l’horizon 2030. Bien qu’il ne soit pas membre de l'Union européenne, le pays s’est employé à aligner son action sur de nombreux règlements et objectifs de l'UE, parfois même de manière plus stricte que les États membres. Toutefois, malgré ses avancées, la Norvège reste confrontée à de multiples défis, notamment en ce qui concerne sa transition vers des modes durables de consommation de même que sur le sujet de la protection de la biodiversité. Le rapport formule 30 recommandations adaptées à la Norvège pour lui permettre d’améliorer ses performances environnementales, notamment dans le domaine de la gestion de l’aménagement du territoire et de la biodiversité. Avec ce quatrième Examen environnemental de la Norvège, l’OCDE propose une évaluation indépendante, fondée sur des données factuelles, des performances environnementales du pays sur la dernière décennie. Cette version abrégée reprend le résumé, l'évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport publié ainsi que l’annexe avec les mesures prises pour mettre en œuvre certaines recommandations de l’Examen environnemental de la Norvège publié par l’OCDE en 2011. Le premier chapitre résume les principales tendances environnementales et évalue l’efficacité environnementale et l’efficience économique de la panoplie de mesures – budgétaires, économiques, réglementaires et volontaires – mises en place. Le deuxième chapitre propose une analyse approfondie de la gestion de l’aménagement du territoire et de la biodiversité en Norvège. Le rapport complet est disponible en version anglaise sur le site internet de l'OCDE.

L’égalité des genres et l’autonomisation des femmes et des filles sont des prérequis à la réalisation du Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030. Ces Orientations sont un guide pratique pour les acteurs de la coopération pour le développement qui portent ces ambitions globales. Conçues autour du cycle de programmation et au-delà, ces Orientations proposent une approche par étapes concrètes et des exemples de bonnes pratiques, avec des listes de questions à examiner et des recommandations pour promouvoir efficacement le changement.

Digital transformations bring about fundamental changes in how institutions – from governments to businesses – operate. National statistical offices (NSOs) face growing expectations from data users and need to adapt their digital capabilities accordingly. For NSOs in low and middle-income countries, who may have had limited exposure to digitalisation to date, keeping pace with rapid technological change is challenging. This report uses examples from six NSOs to explore common barriers for NSOs in their digital transformations and identifies specific drivers. The report makes a case for digital transformations through more comprehensive institutional changes such as governance, procurement and human resources. In addition, the report outlines specific recommendations at the individual, technological, organisational and system level to guide NSOs and their partners towards a successful digital transformation.