This report reviews online content-sharing services’ policies and procedures for addressing child sexual exploitation and abuse (CSEA), with a focus on transparency reporting. It builds on an earlier policy paper from 2023 by reassessing the practices of the world’s 50 largest such services and adding an analysis of 50 services used intensively to facilitate CSEA. The report finds that 20 of the largest services now provide a highly detailed definition of CSEA (up from 10), and 25 issue transparency reports (up from 20). However, the detail in definitions, the metrics and methodologies used, and the frequency of transparency reports continue to vary widely across platforms. Nineteen services on the CSEA-intensive list overlap with the 50 largest list, highlighting the prevalence of CSEA on many of the major platforms. Many of the 31 services unique to this list are not well-known, signalling the need for greater scrutiny beyond the largest services. Messaging and chat services in particular tend to need improvement. Generally, while some good practices exist, a continued lack of standardisation in policies and reporting remains a key barrier to policy analysis and cross-platform comparison.
Transparency reporting on child sexual exploitation and abuse online 2025
