Medium-term approaches to budgeting are now common in OECD countries and are being adopted
increasingly by developing countries. This reflects a realisation that the annual approach to budget making
actually undermines budgetary performance, contributing to fiscal instability and, perhaps even more
fundamentally, to resource misallocation and the inefficient and ineffective use of resources.
The purpose of this study has been to analyse how multi-year budgetary processes work in practice in
both high income OECD countries and in aid-receiving countries, with a view to identifying the
opportunities for, and limits to, financing environmental management. It also provides suggestions to the
donor community on how to make better use of multi-year budgeting when providing general support to
the budgets of developing countries in order to ensure that environment is included in this process.
In this context, the report may be of interest to various audiences. On the one hand, representatives of
the ministries of environment and other relevant government agencies with responsibilities for
environmental and natural resource management who struggle to prepare medium-term budgets may find
this analysis useful. On the other hand, the report is targeted at experts from the ministries of finance and
economy who are charged with assessing environmental programmes and taking decisions for their
financing. The third target group are those donors who even if they are moving to direct budget support,
may still be concerned that the environment sector is adequately funded.
