Empowering SMEs in the age of AI

SME adoption of AI tools is increasing rapidly. Most businesses are using off-the-shelf products, while some are experimenting with more tailored applications, including AI Agents. The 2026 D4SME survey sheds light on the scope, complexity and barriers for use of AI applications implemented by a non-representative sample of over 2 000 SMEs from 12 OECD countries. This year’s results confirm the sustained take-up of off-the-shelf AI applications. However, strategic, targeted and secure integration within business operations remains uneven. Efficiency and growth remain key motivations for adopting digital tools in general, but time constraints, maintenance costs and skills gaps continue to hinder effective implementation. Cybersecurity remains an important digitalisation challenge, with many SMEs experiencing cyberattacks. Public programmes to support SME digitalisation could improve programme visibility, accessibility and the mix of instruments to significantly enhance impact.