About the data
The OECD final 2024 data on ODA and other resource flows provide a comprehensive overview of development finance for developing countries. In addition, it offers an activity-level perspective on ODA, concessional finance and philanthropic flows from a range of actors, including and beyond the DAC. These data represent the development finance flows from more than 150 providers to the 141 countries and territories on the DAC list of ODA recipients. These data strengthen transparency, enable accountability, and bolster advocacy and research.
ODA is declining but is still above pre-COVID levels
Concessional finance is a critical resource for the world’s poorest and most vulnerable countries. The OECD collects data on ODA and other resource flows to provide a comprehensive picture of development finance provided by DAC and non-DAC actors to developing countries.
ODA from DAC members in 2024 totalled USD 214.6 billion on a grant equivalent basis, a decrease of 6% compared to 2023. This total represents 0.34% of their combined gross national income (GNI). While ODA declined for the first time after five years of consecutive growth, it is 25% higher than 2019 levels.
Countries outside of the DAC that voluntarily report data on their concessional financing, aligned to the ODA standard, spent USD 17.99 billion in 2024 on a grant equivalent basis. Net ODA flows from all DAC and non-DAC official providers, totalled 255.4 billion, a 4.5% decrease compared to 2023.
ODA to the least developed countries (LDCs) totalled USD 61.8 billion in real terms, a decline of 1.5%. The slight increase in LDCs’ share of total ODA is partly due to a decline in the share of ODA unallocated by DAC income group. Total ODA to sub-Saharan Africa rose 5.2% in volume over the same period to USD 66.5 billion, driven by an increase in outflows from multilateral organisations.Aid to Small Island Developing States and landlocked developing countries also increased, totalling USD 7.9 billion (+23%) and USD 34.3 billion (+5.4%) respectively, while aid to countries in extreme and high fragility declined by 1% to USD 92.2 billion.
ODA also plays an important role in addressing cross-cutting issues and supporting vulnerable groups in developing countries. Bilateral allocable ODA with gender equality objectives declined by 13% from 2023 to 2024. ODA to and through civil society organisations (CSOs) amounted to USD 27 billion, or 12.9% of bilateral ODA, a 2.3% decrease. Despite this overall decline, ODA to and through CSOs based in developing countries increased slightly by 2.4%.
| For more insights, see ODA to and through CSOs. |
Aid to Ukraine remains high
Though DAC bilateral aid to Ukraine (USD 15.9 billion) declined by 13.6% in real terms compared to 2023, it remains high. EU Institutions gave USD 19.6 billion in real terms, or 54% of their total net ODA. Providers mobilised USD 2.4 billion from the private sector through their official sector interventions and private foundations gave USD 19.6 million.
The multilateral system is a key player in the international development finance architecture
In 2024, multilateral organisations disbursed USD 250 billion from their core resources to developing countries, a 2% decline from 2023. Of this, concessional outflows totalled USD 107 billion, with EU Institutions leading for the third consecutive year, accounting for 39.6% of the total. Non-concessional outflows amounted to USD 143 billion. Grants accounted for USD 52 billion from multilateral organisations, 20% of outflows, compared to USD 197 billion in loans.
Official development finance interventions have the potential to mobilise additional private finance for development
DAC members and non-DAC providers extended USD 28.8 billion in non-concessional flows in 2024. Together with their multilateral counterparts, they mobilised an additional USD 77 billion from the private sector, a historic peak. This increase is largely driven by multilateral development banks, which accounted for 76% of the total from 2021 to 2024. Mobilised private finance remains concentrated in economic infrastructure, services and industry, while social sectors lag behind.
| Visit the OECD dashboard for more on private finance mobilisation. |
Private sector instrument financing is on the rise, though still a modest share of overall ODA
In 2024, DAC members extended USD 12.8 billion in private sector instruments (PSI) to developing countries. This financing was mainly in the form of loans (74% of total PSI) and equities (19%). PSIs accounted for USD 4 billion in ODA, on a grant equivalent basis, representing 1.9% of total ODA.
As part of its initiative to modernise ODA, the DAC recently approved new rules on the treatment of PSI in the ODA grant equivalent. Prior to this, most PSI deployed by bilateral development finance institutions and other PSI vehicles, except equities, were not counted in ODA.
| Explore the OECD PSI dashboard for more. |
ODA for climate mitigation and adaptation continues to increase
DAC members' bilateral ODA for climate adaptation and mitigation has followed a long-term upward trajectory, both in volume and as a share of the total. In 2023 to 2024, it represented 35.6% of members' total bilateral allocable ODA, with an emphasis on mitigation-only activities.
Recipient countries have seen an increase in total climate-related development finance over the past two decades. Out of the total, 56% (USD 81.5 billion, in real terms) consists of climate components reported by MDBs, 17% (USD 24.7 billion) by activities with a principal climate objective, and 27% as activities with a significant climate objective.
| Learn more about development finance for climate and the environment. |
Cross-border private philanthropic flows remain an important source of development finance
Philanthropic foundations have generally increased their cross-border development finance in recent years. However, 2024 saw a 7% decrease among the foundations that regularly report to the OECD. From 2017 to 2024, philanthropic providers contributed an average of USD 10.5 billion per year in concessional finance to development. These trends are largely driven by contributions from the Gates Foundation, which accounted for 48.5% of total funding over the 2017-2024 period.
ODA's role within the totality of flows
Beyond ODA, non-concessional finance (i.e. PSI and other official flows) totalled USD 94.4 billion in 2024, a 75% increase over 2023. Officially supported export credits were USD -1.4 billion, reflecting significant repayments to provider countries. Foreign direct investment and other private flows at market terms rose 40.6% year-on-year to USD 163.3 billion. Finally, amounts mobilised from the private sector through official development finance interventions peaked at USD 75.1 billion in real terms, up 7% from 2023.
Access datasets
Flows by provider
Flows by provider and recipient
- DAC2A: Aid (ODA) disbursements to countries and regions
- DAC2B: Other official flows (OOF) and export credits
- DAC3A: Aid (ODA) commitments to countries and regions
- DAC4: Private direct investment and other private capital
- Official development financing (ODF) by country and region
- Official flows by country and region
- Receipts by country and region
Flows based on individual projects (Creditor Reporting System)
For any questions, please contact DAC.Contact@oecd.org.
