[1] OECD (n.d.), Trade in Value-Added (TiVA) 2025 Edition (database), OECD, Paris, https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/sub-issues/trade-in-value-added.html.
Productivity Review of Egypt
Focusing on the Manufacturing Sector
Note: The graph shows the share of manufacturing to total imports. Panel A shows the share in Egypt, as well as averages of selected MENA economies and OECD countries. MENA is the unweighted average of shares in Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, Türkiye and United Arab Emirates. OECD is the unweighted average of shares in all 38 OECD countries. Panel B shows the average share in the 2010-22 period across selected MENA economies. Manufacturing excludes Coke and refined petroleum products (ISIC Rev.4 Division 19). Total exports include all sectors from ISIC Rev.4 Divisions 1 to 98.
Source: OECD calculations based on OECD (n.d.[1]), Trade in Value added (TiVA) 2025 Edition (database), https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/sub-issues/trade-in-value added.html.
Note: The graph shows the export and import in constant 2015 EGP for Egypt. Values have been deflated using the value added annual deflators for the ‘Other manufacturing’ category from MPED’s national accounts. The values were converted in EGP using the World Bank exchange rate (local currency unit per USD) as the TiVA dataset is expressed in USD. Total manufacturing is the sum of all industries except Coke and refined petroleum products (19).
Source: OECD calculations based on OECD (n.d.[1]), Trade in Value added (TiVA) 2025 Edition (database), https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/sub-issues/trade-in-value added.html.
Note: Panel A shows export in million USD in 2010, 2019, 2020 and 2022. Panel B shows export growth in 2010-22 and 2020-22. Panel C shows the share of exports in industry over total manufacturing exports in 2010 and 2022. To visualise the contribution of Coke and refined petroleum products (ISIC Rev.4 Division 19), the industry is exceptionally included in this figure. For a better visualisation, industry names have been shortened. The corresponding full names of industries may be found using ISIC Rev.4 division codes.
Source: OECD calculations based on OECD (n.d.[1]), Trade in Value added (TiVA) 2025 Edition (database), https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/sub-issues/trade-in-value added.html.
Note: The figure shows the average RCA of manufacturing industries in Egypt from 2010 to 2022. The RCA is calculated with respect to total economy using domestic value added embodied in foreign final demand, instead of gross exports. This serves as a complementary result and a robustness check to the traditional RCA computation. An RCA above 1 indicates a comparative advantage in the industry (horizontal line). The figure excludes Coke and refined petroleum products (19). For a better visualisation, industry names have been shortened. The corresponding full names of the industries may be found using ISIC Rev.4 division codes.
Source: OECD calculations based on OECD (n.d.[1]), Trade in Value added (TiVA) 2025 Edition (database), https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/sub-issues/trade-in-value added.html.
Note: Backward participation in GVCs is measured by the share of foreign value added share in gross exports. The figure excludes Coke and refined petroleum products (19). For a better visualisation, industry names have been shortened. The corresponding full names of industries may be found using ISIC Rev.4 division codes. EGY is Egypt, JOR is Jordan, MAR is Morocco, TUN is Tunisia, TUR is Türkiye and ARE is United Arab Emirates.
Source: OECD calculations based on OECD (n.d.[1]), Trade in Value added (TiVA) 2025 Edition (database), https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/sub-issues/trade-in-value added.html.
Note: Forward participation in GVCs is measured by the share of domestic value added embodied in foreign final demand. The figure excludes Coke and refined petroleum products (19). For a better visualisation, industry names have been shortened. The corresponding full names of industries may be found using ISIC Rev.4 division codes. EGY is Egypt, JOR is Jordan, MAR is Morocco, TUN is Tunisia, TUR is Türkiye and ARE is United Arab Emirates.
Source: OECD calculations based on OECD (n.d.[1]), Trade in Value added (TiVA) 2025 Edition (database), https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/sub-issues/trade-in-value added.html.