Productivity Review of Egypt

Abbreviations and acronyms

ADELE Laboratory	Laboratory for Elementary Data Analysis
AfCFTA	African Continental Free Trade Area
AI	Artificial intelligence
AIC	Applied Innovation Center
AIDP	Automotive Industry Development Program
ASC	Academy Support Center
ASEAN	Association of Southeast Asian Nations
CAPMAS	Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics
CBAM	Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
CBE	Central Bank of Egypt
CNSS	Tunisian National Social Security Fund
CPI	Consumer Price Index
DEBI	Digital Egypt Builders Initiative
DECI	Digital Egypt Cubs Initiative
DEMI	Digital Egypt Marvels Initiative
DEPI	Digital Egypt Pioneers Initiative
DGI	Tunisian Ministry of Finance
EAIP	Egyptian Authority for Intellectual Property
EDC	Egyptian Drilling Company
EGOTH	Egyptian General Company for Tourism and Hotels
EGP	Egyptian pound
EIFBS	Egyptian Industrial Firm Behaviour Survey
EIS	Entrepreneur Information System
EITE	Emission-intensive trade-exposed
ELAB	Egyptian Linear Alkyl Benzene
ELCC	E-Learning Competence Center
EMDE	Emerging markets and developing economies
EME	Egypt Makes Electronics
ERF	Economic Research Forum
ERP	Export Rebate Program
ETA	Egyptian Talents Academy
ETFP	Environmental total factor productivity
ETQAAN	Egyptian National Authority for Quality Assurance and Accreditation in Technical and Vocational Education and Training
EU	European Union
EUI	Egypt University of Informatics
FDI	Foreign direct investment
FTA	Free trade agreement
FTE	Full-time equivalent
GAFI	General Authority for Investments and Free Zones
GDP	Gross domestic product
GHG	Greenhouse gas
GHGFP	Greenhouse gas footprint
GO	Gross output
GOEIC	General Organization for Export and Import Control
GPT	General-purpose technology
GVC	Global value chain
HS	Harmonized System
ICC	Intensive Code Camp
ICIO	Inter-Country Input-Output
ICT	Information and communication technology
IDA	Industrial Development Authority
IDOS	Institute of Development and Sustainability
IDSC	Information and Decision Support Center
ILO	International Labour Organization
IMC	Industrial Modernisation Centre
IP	Intellectual property
IPC	International Patent Classification
IPR	Intellectual property right
IPS	Industrial Production Survey
ISIC	International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities
IT	Information technology
ITC	Instructor Training Center
ITI	Information Technology Institute
ITIDA	Information Technology Industry Development Agency
ITIL	Information Technology Infrastructure Library
ITU	International Telecommunications Union
LAC	Latin America and the Caribbean
LMPS	Labor Market Panel Surveys
LMS	Learning Management System
LP	Labour productivity
LPI	Logistics Performance Index
MCIT	Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
MENA	Middle East and North Africa
MFP	Multifactor productivity
MNE	Multinational enterprise
MoE	Ministry of Education
MOL	Ministry of Labor
MoIFT	Ministry of Investment and Foreign Trade
MoIND	Ministry of Industry
MPED	Ministry of Planning and Economic Development
MSMEs	Micro, small and medium enterprises
MSMEDA	Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency
MTI	Ministry of Trade and Industry
NAIS	National Automotive Industry Strategy
NPESR	National Program for Economic and Social Reforms
NSRP	National Structural Reform Programme
NTI	National Telecommunication Institute
OAMDI	Open Access Micro Data Initiative
OLS	Ordinary least squares
PIM	Perpetual inventory method
PMR	Product market regulation
PPP	Purchasing power parity
PTP	Professional Training Program
PVTD	Productivity and Vocational Training Department
R&D	Research and development
RCA	Revealed comparative advantage
RDC	Research Data Centre
RNE	French Répertoire national des entreprises
RTA	Revelated technology advantage
SBR	Statistical business register
SDG	Sustainable Development Goals
SECC	Software Engineering Competence Center
SITC	Standard International Trade Classification
SMART	Specific, measurable, ambitious, realistic and time-bound
SMEs	Small and medium-sized enterprises
SOE	State-owned enterprise
SSC	Sectoral Skills Council
STEM	Science, technology, engineering and mathematics
TBT	Technical barriers to trade
TFP	Total factor productivity
TiM	Trade in Employment
TIN	Tax Identification Number
TiVA	Trade in Value Added
TVET Egypt	Technical and Vocational Education and Training Reform Programme
UBI	Unique business identifier
UNCTAD	United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNIDO	United Nations Industrial Development Organization
USD	United States dollar
USPTO	United States Patent and Trademark Office
VA	Value added
VET	Vocational education and training
VPN	Virtual private network
WBES	World Bank Enterprise Surveys