This review was carried out by the Agriculture and Resource Policies Division (ARP) of the OECD Trade and Agriculture Directorate (TAD). The report was led by Jibran Punthakey in a project overseen by Jesús Antón. The main other co-authors of the report are Florence Bossard, Francisco Pereira Fontes and Gaby Coulthard. Fadi Abdelradi (University of Cairo) provided a background report and supported the collection of budgetary data, and Habiba Badr contributed to early drafts.
This review is the result of a close co-operation between the OECD and the Government of Egypt, within the framework of the Egypt-OECD country programme. The OECD is especially grateful for the fruitful collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, which was driven by the leadership of Dr Ali Abdelmohsen, Head of Economic Affairs Sector, and his team, in particular the tireless dedication of Walaa Ahmed and contributions by Hosam Mahdy in the first stages of the review. Essential support in co-ordinating the project from the Egyptian side, as well as reviewing the report, was provided by Dr Heba Y. Hashem and Alia H. El Soudany, with contributions from Noha Fouad during the initial stages of the review, from the Ministry of Planning, Economic Development, and International Co-operation. The OECD is also grateful to numerous officials and experts that were involved in the review process, including Dr Rabab Abbas, Dr Emad Mahmoud, Dr Yosry Khafagy and Rania Sleem (Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation); Dr Omar Abdin, Menna Fahmy, Cherine Mourad and Pakinam Shibl (Ministry of Finance); Dr Iman Nasr (Ministry of Investment and Foreign Trade), Sameh Helaly (Egyptian Holding Company for Silos and Storage) and Mahmoud Ahmed (Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics).
The review benefited from detailed comments from Sikandra Kurdi and Nina Jovanovic, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), and Fayrouz Eldabbagh, International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Several OECD colleagues also provided valuable comments and input, including Martha Baxter, Guillaume Gruère, Ada Ignaciuk, Yosuke Jin, Roger Martini, Julia Nielson, Delia Sánchez Trancón, Silvia Sorescu, Martin von Lampe, and Julia Wanjiru. Editing and publication support was provided by Martina Abderrahmane, Michèle Patterson and Hilary Gaboriau.
Delegates of the OECD Working Party on Agricultural Policies and Markets (APM) provided valuable feedback on the review. The authors are especially grateful to Tycho Vermeulen and Omar Abdellatif (the Netherlands) and Tani Lee (United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service) for their active participation as peer reviewers. The review was declassified at the 98th session of the APM, on 27 November 2025.