Egypt has established strong economic foundations through the national strategy, Egypt Vision 2030, its Integrated National Financing Strategy, PPP frameworks, and reforms of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), further diversification of financing models, improved governance, and strengthened institutional capacity are needed to mobilise greater private capital to support its infrastructure financing needs. Opportunities exist in expanding private investment in infrastructure beyond PPPs, leveraging capital markets, enhancing SOE transparency, and enabling private infrastructure funds. Continued focus on project appraisal, regulatory clarity, land governance and ESG reporting – combined with improved co-ordination across ministries and SOEs – will be essential to ensure that infrastructure projects remain financially viable, sustainable, and attractive to international investors while supporting Egypt’s role as a regional leader in green energy and resilient infrastructure development.
This report has been developed as part of the OECD-Egypt Country Programme, to assess the broader enabling environment for private financing and investment of infrastructure, including fiscal sustainability, integrity safeguards, corporate governance of state-owned enterprises, financial sector capacity, and sustainability requirements. It is the final output of the Egypt-OECD Country Programme’s Project 5.7: Review of Good Practices for Quality Infrastructure Investment and Capacity Building for Mobilising Finance for Infrastructure. The report draws on G20 and OECD principles, by reviewing Egypt’s infrastructure policies, major projects, and financing frameworks in the context of its green transition ambitions, including renewable energy, green hydrogen, water management, and urban development initiatives. While Egypt has attracted significant multilateral and bilateral financing and implemented important reforms – such as currency liberalisation under the IMF programme -the government must further refine project structuring and the enabling environment to attract more private and institutional investment at scale.
This report was prepared and supervised by Mamiko Yokoi-Arai, with support from Zakaria Imessaoudene. Reham ElDesoki provided critical contribution and research towards the finalisation of this report from Egypt.
The OECD expresses its sincere appreciation to the Government of Egypt for its close collaboration throughout the preparation of this report. In particular, it extends its gratitude to the Ministry of Planning and Economic Development (MPED), in its capacity as the national co-ordinator for Egypt’s engagement with the OECD, for its central co-ordination role and consistent support.
The OECD also acknowledges the valuable inputs and review provided by the various national entities, including, the various departments at the Ministry of Planning and Economic Development (MPED), the Ministry of Finance (MoF), especially the Public-Private Partnership Central Unit (PPPCU), the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban Communities, the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, the General Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI), the General Authority for the Suez Canal Economic Zone (SCZone), the State Owned Enterprises (SOE) Unit under the Prime Minister’s Office, the Information and Decision Support Center (IDSC), the Central Bank of Egypt (CBE), and the Financial Regulatory Authority (FRA), whose inputs helped ensure the accuracy, relevance, and policy alignment of the report. Thanks are also extended to the international partners and private sector stakeholders who cooperated.
The OECD further conveys its sincere appreciation to the project’s dedicated focal points, who played a key role in disseminating the report chapters across relevant entities, as well as reviewing them and providing feedback to ensure consistency, alignment, and accuracy: Dr. Heba Y. Hashem, Head of the Country Programme Monitoring Unit at MPED, and Ms. Alia H. El Soudany, Senior Technical Projects Co ordinator at the same unit.
Finally, appreciation is extended to OECD staff who supported the production of the report, including editorial, formatting, and publication support.