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CRITICAL RAW MATERIALS
Critical raw materials face rising export restrictions
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Export restrictions on critical raw materials have increased steadily in the past 15 years, reaching an all-time high. This trend increases risks to global supply chains.
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Export restrictions on critical materials reached an all-time high
The annual update of the OECD Inventory of Export Restrictions on Critical Raw Materials tracks export restrictions and supports analysis of their impact on availability, prices and global supply chains. The latest edition, which analyses measures implemented through the end of 2024, shows that export restrictions on critical raw materials have increased steadily in the past 15 years, reaching an all-time high. Although the growth rate of new export restrictions slowed from 3.4% in 2023 to 0.6% in 2024, a wider range of countries, particularly in Africa and Asia, introduced new restrictions.
Some minerals essential for energy systems, such as cobalt, manganese, graphite and rare-earth elements, saw particularly high exposure to export restrictions. Roughly 70% of global exports of cobalt and manganese were subject to at least one export restriction between 2022 and 2024. 16% of trade in critical raw materials monitored by the OECD faced at least one export restriction over the same period.
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