| AES | Adult Education Survey |
| AI | Artificial Intelligence |
| AUT | Austria |
| CEO | Chief Executive Officer |
| COVID‑19 | Coronavirus disease 2019 |
| CSE | Social and Economic Committee (France) |
| CVT | Continuing Vocational Training |
| CVTS | Continuing Vocational Training Survey |
| ECS | European Company Survey |
| ESS | Employer Skills Survey (ESS) |
| EST | Estonia |
| EU | European Union |
| EUR | Euro |
| FRA | France |
| HR | Human resources |
| IC | Information and Communication |
| IRE | Ireland |
| IT | Information technology |
| ITA | Italy |
| KIS | Knowledge‑Intensive Service |
| LFS | Labour Force Survey |
| LKIS | Low-Knowledge Intensive Services |
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Co‑operation and Development |
| PIAAC | Survey of Adult Skills |
| SME | Small and medium enterprises |
| TNA | Training needs analysis/ assessment |
| QCL | Qualifications, certificates and licenses |
| US | United States of America |
Training in Enterprises
New Evidence from 100 Case Studies
