The shipping industry accounts for approximately 3% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and without intervention, its share is expected to rise due to increasing seaborne trade. As decarbonisation efforts gain momentum, policies are being implemented to curb emissions, improve vessel efficiency, integrate digital and energy-saving technologies (ESTs), and accelerate the adoption of alternative fuels. Recognising the crucial role of shipbuilding in these efforts, the OECD Shipbuilding Committee (SBC) works to promote fair competition and transparency in the global shipbuilding market.
In 2023, the OECD Council renewed the SBC’s mandate for 2024–2028, strengthening its focus on decarbonisation in line with the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) GHG strategy, which aims for net-zero emissions from ships ‘by or around, i.e. close to,’ 2050. Achieving this goal will require the replacement or retrofitting of around 50,000 ocean-going vessels, necessitating significant investments in shipbuilding and marine equipment industries. The SBC’s Program of Work and Budget (PWB) for the 2023–24 biennium reflected this shift, introducing a dedicated Intermediate Output Result (IOR) on decarbonisation and digitalisation in shipbuilding and shipping. The output, titled “Analysis of the impact of new (digital) technologies and comparative analysis of maritime decarbonisation policies and support measures in SBC and non-SBC members” addressed two key areas: (1) the impact of emerging technologies, including energy-saving solutions, digitalisation, and alternative fuel systems, on shipbuilding capacity and costs, and (2) a comparative analysis of maritime decarbonisation policies, focusing on policy transparency, the design of regulatory and support measures, and the role of international cooperation in ensuring regulatory stability.
This report is the outcome of research over the 2023–24 biennium. It discusses the critical role of shipbuilding in decarbonising the maritime sector, both by reducing emissions from ship production and by developing energy-efficient ships, integrating zero/low-carbon propulsion technologies, and fostering innovation in ship design and equipment. The OECD’s work in this area aligns with broader industrial decarbonisation efforts, providing a platform for international policy exchange, knowledge sharing, and mutual learning to support a well-managed transition towards a zero-emission fleet. By facilitating cross-country dialogue and improving transparency in policy frameworks, the OECD contributes to shaping more resilient and competitive shipbuilding in the context of industry transformations.