The Paris Agreement at Ten Years

Acknowledgements

This report is an output of the OECD Environmental Policy Committee (EPOC) and its Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC). It was prepared under the supervision of Walid Oueslati, Head of the Climate, Biodiversity and Water (CBW) Division in the OECD Environment Directorate.

The report is authored by Ioannis Tikoudis, Coline Pouille, Lena Wiest, Elisa Lanzi and Walid Oueslati of the OECD Environment Directorate, who also designed and executed the expert survey. The contributions of the authors are as follows:

 

Author	Contribution
Ioannis Tikoudis	Study conceptualisation, questionnaire design, initial draft, expert recruitment and communication, data analysis, supervision of econometric estimations, literature review, drafting of subsequent versions
Coline Pouille	Questionnaire response collection, data management, data analysis, econometric analysis, data visualisation, questionnaire design, editing
Lena Wiest	Expert recruitment, outreach and external communication (primary), literature review, editing
Elisa Lanzi	Study conceptualisation, project co-ordination, questionnaire design, expert recruitment and communication, drafting of subsequent versions, editing
Walid Oueslati	Study conceptualisation, questionnaire design, expert recruitment, editing

The authors would like to express their gratitude to Jo Tyndall (former Director of OECD Environment Directorate), who inspired the work and provided feedback at various stages, as well as to Mathilde Mesnard and Kumi Kitamori (Deputy Directors of OECD Environment Directorate) for their support throughout the project and comments on the report.

The authors are thankful to Max Bohringer, Katherine Hassett and Daniel Nachtigall (OECD Environment Directorate), Tobias Kruse (OECD Economics Department) and Emma Phillips (OECD Public Governance Directorate) for comments on the report and suggestions on the design of the questionnaire. Additional comments from Margot Duluk, Chiara Falduto, Raphaël Jachnik, Nicolina Lamhauge, Kilian Raiser and Klas Wetterberg (OECD Environment Directorate) are likewise acknowledged. Administrative, editorial and communication support from Beth Del Bourgo, Sama Al Taher Cucci, Sora Choi, Jane Kynaston and Elodie Prata Leal (OECD Environment Directorate) are gratefully acknowledged.

The OECD Environment Policy Committee (EPOC) and the Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC) provided comments on the draft reports as well as guidance on the project. The Secretariat greatly acknowledges the effort and contribution of EPOC and WPCC Delegates, and expresses its gratitude for their participation in the survey and for facilitating responses from their countries. The Secretariat is also grateful to non-OECD government officials, who provided pivotal help, by directly participating in the survey and by facilitating responses from their countries.

The authors are grateful to OECD colleagues who facilitated responses from non-OECD countries, including Rebecca Belochi (Global Relations coordinator at the OECD Environment Directorate), David Gierten and Lesley Smith (EPOC Secretariat), Peline Atamer, Raffaella Centurelli, Carlos Conde, Sabrina Gasparrini, Sergio Ampudia Giorgana, Nadia Kameleddine, Kentaro Kato, Mayuko Murakami and Litsa Vavakis (OECD Global Relations and Cooperation Directorate), Juan De Laiglesia, Thomas Manfredi, Gorazd Rezonja, Ji-Yeun Rim and Vicente Ruiz (OECD Development Centre), Brilé Anderson (OECD Sahel and West Africa Club), Géraldine Ang, Hakimul Batih, Chiara Falduto, Douglas Herrick, Takayoshi Kato, Ariola Mbistrova, Krzysztof Michalak, Dorian Revillon, Cécile Seguineaud and Julia Wanjiru (OECD Environment Directorate).

The authors would also like to thank OECD colleagues who facilitated responses from non-governmental experts, including Dominik Kümmerle (Business at OECD), Ruben Bibas, Beth Del Bourgo, William Foster, Mariana Mirabile, Jules Schers and Stephanie Venuti (OECD Environment Directorate).

The Secretariat is grateful to nearly 200 climate change experts from non-governmental institutions who participated in the OECD Survey for the 10 years from the Paris Agreement. The experts that asked to be acknowledged, and their affiliated institutions, are:

Aarhus University: Jessica Coria; Academia Sinica: Daigee Shaw; Addis Ababa University: Saba Yifredew Getnet, Alemu Mekonnen, Mengesha Yayo; Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3): Neus Escobar, Anil Markandya; BSR: Giulio Berruti; Ca' Foscari University of Venice: Enrica De Cian; CICERO Center for International Climate Research: Steffen Kallbekken, Asbjørn Torvanger, Mikkel Vindegg; Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE): Andrea Garay Tapias; Da Nang Institute for Socio-Economic Development (DISED): Hoang Van Long; Eastern International University: Dang Le Hoa; Environment for Development (EfD) Ghana: Francis Atsu, Selormey Godwin Junior; Environment for Development (EfD) Kenya: Elly Musembi; Environment for Development (EfD) Nigeria: Chidimma Frances Igboeli; Environment for Development (EfD) Tanzania: Matilda Stanslaus Ntiyakunze; Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC): Lara Aleluia Reis; Ewha Womans University: Yoomi Kim; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro: Roberto Schaeffer; Global Maritime Forum: Jean-Baptiste Paquel; Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment (LSE): Tiffanie Chan, Rachel Harrington-Abrams, Joana Setzer, Herlina Utamawati; ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research: P.A. Lakshmi Prasanna; Imperial College London: Joeri Rogelj; India Institute of Technology Kanpur: Arti Agarwal; Indian Statistical Institute: Raavi Aggarwal, Kanishka Kacker; Institut du Développement Durable et des Affaires Internationales (IDDRI): Michel Colombier; International Energy Agency (IEA): Luca Lo Re, Gabriel Saive; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA): Zuelclady Araujo; International Monetary Fund (IMF): Filippo Maria D'Arcangelo; Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES): Sivapuram Venkata Rama Krishna Prabhakar; Institute of Environmental Protection – National Research Institute (IEP – NRI): Agnieszka Sobol; KainosEdge Consulting: Eyitemi Fasanu-Adegboye; Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences: Karim Zantout; KU Leuven: Toon Vandyck; Lebanese American University: Walid Marrouch; London School of Economics: Simon Dietz; Makerere University: Peter Babyenda, Patrick Byakagaba, Hilda Eve Makune; Monash University: Susanne Kozak; Motu Economic & Public Policy Research: Niven Winchester; National Cheng Kung University: Yen-Lien Kuo; National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS): Alistair Munro; NDC Partnership Support Unit: Margaret Barihaihi Musana; Nha Trang University: Dang Hoang Xuan Huy; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU): Knut Einar Rosendahl; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): Ruben Bibas, Stefan Hinkelmann, Luisa Lutz, Eleonora Moro, Daniel Nachtigall, Rodrigo Pizarro, Kilian Raiser, Jules Schers, Hidemichi Yonezawa, Robert Youngman; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK): Timothé Beaufils, Johannes Gallé, Chen Chris Gong, Nikolaj Moretti, Felix Schreyer; Purdue University: Maksym Chepeliev; Resources for the Future (RFF): Milan Elkerbout; Sogang University: Doruk İriş; Spanish National Research Council (CSIC): Brenda Morales; Sri Sri Institute of Agricultural Sciences & Technology Trust: Umamaheshwari Chakilam; Stanford University: Charles D. Kolstad, Sergio Sánchez; Stockholm Environment Institute: Derik Broekhoff, Somya Joshi, Richard Klein, Åsa Persson, Caroline Sawe, Timothy Suljada; Tel-Hai College: Yanay Farja; The B Team: Elisa Estrada Holteng; The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI): Amshika Amar; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research: Andrew J. Jordan; United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE): Nick Bonvoisin; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): Jana Birner; United Nationals Development Programme (UNDP): Catherine Diam-Valla; Universidad de Concepción: Manuel Estay; Universidad de Talca: Carlos Chávez; Universidad Iberoamericana: David R. Heres; Universidad San Francisco de Quito: Rafael Soria; University of Basel: Ruth Delzeit; University of Belgrade: Nemanja Backović; University of Birmingham: Marco Ercolani; University of Bologna: Viola Maone; University of Copenhagen: Mogens Fosgerau, Samuel Sebsibie Kebede, Peter Kjær Kruse-Andersen; University of Dar es Salaam: Innocensia F. John; University of East Anglia: Adam Smith; University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City (UEH): Nguyen Luu Bao Doan, Nguyen Tuan Kiet, Pham Khanh Nam, Vy Thi To Nguyen, Ho Quoc Thong; University of Economics and Finance Ho Chi Minh City (UEF): Le Quang Thong; University of Edinburgh: Matthew Lane; University of Hohenheim: Thomas Dimpfl; University of Lodz: Małgorzata Burchard-Dziubińska; University of Maine: Ivan J. Fernandez; University of Manchester: Jingyi Li, Alejandro Gallego Schmid; University of Nigeria Nsukka: Ebele C. Amaechina, Jane Mbolle Chah, Eric Eboh, Innocent Ifelunini, Emmanuel O. Nwosu, Ezebuilo R. Ukwueze, Chinasa Urama; University of Oulu: Jon Cranko Page; University of Oxford: Jennifer L. Castle, Jonas Kurle; University of Southampton: Daniel P. Goss, Angelina Spilnyk; University of Valencia: Amadeo Fuenmayor; University of Warsaw: Tomasz Zylicz; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam: Cornelia Fast, Alexandra Krendelsberger, Daniel Muth, Philipp Pattberg, Ananya Tiwari; World Bank: Stephane Hallegatte; World Resources Institute Brasil: Karen Silverwood-Cope; Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University: Marc Gronwald; Yonsei University: Yong-Gun Kim

Experts who asked their name to be acknowledged without an affiliation: Gwendy Bonte, Robbie Epsom, Pascale Mannone, Antonio Marques da Costa Ouro, Sergio Sánchez, Emma Stewart, Aline Hitiyaremye Umubyeyi

Institutions of experts who asked to acknowledge only their employer: Climate Analytics; Climate Econometrics (University of Oxford); Dokkyo University; Economy and Environment Partnership for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA); European Environment Agency (EEA); Makerere University; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK); Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI); University of Cape Town

The authors express their gratitude to colleagues who facilitated the recruitment of non-government climate change experts and provided useful comments on the questionnaire. These are: Silvia Bertolin (European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists), Alexandros Dimitropoulos (Netherlands Environment Assessment Agency), Phoebe Koundouri (Athens University of Economics and Business, University of Cambridge, AE4RIA), Åsa Persson (Stockholm Environment Institute, Swedish Climate Policy Council & Royal Institute of Technology), Frikk Nesje (University of Copenhagen), Mary Psilou (Athens University of Economics and Business), Maya Rebermark (Stockholm Environment Institute), Veronica Vidotto (European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists) and Detlef van Vuuren (Netherlands Environment Assessment Agency).

Finally, the Secretariat would like to greatly acknowledge the financial contribution of Swedish Environmental Protection Agency to the project.

The non-government experts who participated in the study were not asked to respond on behalf of their affiliated institutions, and their responses do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of these institutions or any other entity. The views of all study participants are presented in an exclusively anonymised fashion. No individual response can be identified from the aggregate statistics, indicators or any other type of information contained in the document, or any supplementary material of this study. The aggregate views of the expert groups presented in the report do not necessarily reflect the official views of the OECD, its member countries, or their governments, and should by no means be interpreted as such.