The OECD Index of Digital Trade Integration and Openness (INDIGO)

3. Country trends

International integration and openness vary widely across countries

The INDIGO-t can also be used to track international integration and openness to digital trade at the country level (Figure 4). Singapore is identified as the most integrated and open country with an INDIGO‑t of 0.17. This is largely on the back of its ambitious digital trade provisions in RTAs which represent nearly 0.08 points, that is 44% of Singapore’s existing digital trade integration and openness. Australia and Japan follow closely with an INDIGO-t around 0.16, showing they are 16% of the way towards what might be considered full digital trade integration and openness.

Figure 4. INDIGO-t by country

Note: The figure shows the INDIGO-t calculated at the country level (See Annex A of Annex C for country breakdown).

Source: OECD (2025[2]).

Progress over time at the country level can also be tracked. For Singapore (Figure 5), beyond the policy areas of Openness and Enabling e-commerce, which are driven by progress in the WTO (Figure 1b), steady progress has been made on issues related to Trust and Wider Digital Economy Issues. For the latter, this is likely driven by the growing participation in Digital Economy Agreements.

Figure 5. Singapore’s INDIGO-t by policy area

Note: The figure shows the INDIGO-t calculated at the country level.

Source: OECD (2025[2]).