The Impact of Decentralised Development Co‑operation

Annex E. Correlations between cross-border DDC ODA and trust in local police

Figure A E.1. Trust in local police vs cross-border decentralised development co-operation official development assistance (DDC ODA) in OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) regions, 2017-2022

Sources: OECD based on OECD (2025[1]), CRS: Creditor Reporting System (flows), https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&pg=0&snb=18&df[ds]; ECOPER (2024[2]), Decentralised Cooperation Report: Mapping Donor Cities, https://www.elankidetza.euskadi.eus/contenidos/documentacion/publicaciones_descentralizada/es_def/INFORME-2024-ENG-.pdf; OECD (2025[3]), Measuring the distance to the SDGs in regions and cities, https://www.oecd-local-sdgs.org/ (accessed on 8 September 2025).

References

[2] ECOPER (2024), Decentralised Cooperation Report: Mapping Donor Cities, https://www.elankidetza.euskadi.eus/contenidos/documentacion/publicaciones_descentralizada/es_def/INFORME-2024-ENG-.pdf.

[1] OECD (2025), CRS: Creditor Reporting System (flows), OECD, Paris, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&pg=0&snb=18&df[ds].

[3] OECD (2025), Measuring the distance to the SDGs in regions and cities, OECD, Paris, https://www.oecd-local-sdgs.org/ (accessed on 8 September 2025).