OECD Skills Strategy Southeast Asia

Abbreviations and acronyms

The following are the main acronyms cited in the report.

Abbreviation/acronym	Full description
AI	Artificial intelligence
ASEAN	Association of Southeast Asian Nations
BLK	Balai Latihan Kerja (Indonesia)
BTI	Bertelsmann Transformation Index
CAPE	Confederation of Asia-Pacific Employers
CVS	Community volunteer supplement
DepEd	Department of Education (Philippines)
ECEC	Early childhood education and care
EHIS	Education Information System (Estonia)
ESCS	Economic, social and cultural status
FDI	Foreign direct investment
FDWs	Foreign domestic workers
FTAs	Free trade agreements
GDP	Gross domestic product
GMAP	Gender mainstreaming action plan
GMS	Greater Mekong Subregion
GVC	Global value chain
HPWPs	High-performance workplace practices
ICT	Information and communication technology
ILO	International Labour Organization
iNEIS	Integrated National Education Information System (Brunei Darussalam)
INSEAD	Institut Européen d'Administration des Affaires
IT	Information technology
JSP	JobStart Philippines Programme
MRAs	Mutual recognition agreements
MRCs	Migrant worker resource centres
MSMEs	Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises
NEET	Not in education, employment, or training
NGOs	Non-governmental organisations
NYC	National Youth Council (Singapore)
ODA	Official development assistance
OOSC	Out-of-school children
PES	Public employment services
PIAAC	Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies
PISA	Programme for International Student Assessment
PISA-D	PISA for Development
R&D	Research and development
RCEP	Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
SAMC	Social Affairs Ministers’ Committee (Korea)
SBM	School-based management
SCORE	Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (Viet Nam)
SEAMEO	Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization
SEA-PLM	Southeast Asia Primary Learning Metrics
SENAI	Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem (National Industrial Apprenticeship Service) (Brazil)
SIP	Settling-In Programme (Singapore)
SMEs	Small- and medium-sized enterprises
SSCs	Skills sectoral councils
STEM	Science, technology, engineering and mathematics
TACs	Technology access centres (Canada)
TESDA	Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (Philippines)
TIMMS	Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study
TVET	Technical and vocational education and training
UCLG	United Cities and Local Governments
UIAPs	University industry advisory panels (Malaysia)
UIS	UNESCO Institute for Statistics
UNESCO	United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
WIPO	World Intellectual Property Organization