| ACI | Advance Cargo Information |
| AI | Artificial intelligence |
| AMCOST | African Ministerial Council on Science and Technology |
| ARCI | Arabic Citation Index |
| ASEAN | Association of Southeast Asian Nations |
| ASJC | All Science and Journal Classification |
| ASRT | Academy of Scientific Research and Technology |
| AUC | American University in Cairo |
| CAPMAS | Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics |
| CBE | Central Bank of Egypt |
| CERF | Chinese Egyptian Research Fund |
| CERN | Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire |
| CGC | Credit Guarantee Company |
| CIT | Chamber of Information Technology and Telecommunications |
| CNRS | Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique |
| CRTA | City of Scientific Research and Applied |
| CSTI | Council for Science, Technology, and Innovation |
| DRC | Desert Research Center |
| EAIP | Egyptian Authority for Intellectual Property |
| EBRD | European Bank for Reconstruction and Development |
| EDP | Entrepreneurial discovery process |
| EEIC | Egypt Entrepreneurship and Innovation Centre |
| EGNC | Egypt-IBM Nanotechnology Research Center |
| EMA | Energy Market Authority |
| EME | Egypt Makes Electronics |
| EPO | European Patent Office |
| ERRADA | Egyptian Regulatory Reform and Development Activity |
| ESSP | Egypt STEM School Project |
| ESTIO | Egyptian Science, Technology and Innovation Observatory |
| ETRI | Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute |
| EgSA | Egyptian Space Agency |
| FDI | Foreign direct investment |
| FRA | Financial Regulatory Authority |
| GDP | Gross domestic product |
| GERD | Gross expenditure on research and development |
| GERF | German-Egyptian Research Fund |
| GIC | Global Innovation Cluster Centre |
| GIU | German International University |
| GOTHI | General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes |
| GRI | Government research institutes |
| GUC | German University in Cairo |
| HEI | Higher education institutions |
| HTA | Health technology assessment |
| ICESCO | Islamic World Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization |
| IIASA | International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis |
| IMC | Industrial Modernization Centre |
| IPR | Intellectual property rights |
| ISF | Innovators Support Fund |
| ISIPPM | Integrated Sustainable Investment Project Preparation and Management |
| ITAC | IT Academic Collaboration |
| ITI | Information Technology Institute |
| ITIDA | Information Technology Industry Development Agency |
| IoT | Internet of Things |
| JICA | Japan International Cooperation Agency |
| JINR | Joint Institute for Nuclear Research |
| JPO | Japan Patent Office |
| JSPS | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science |
| KAERI | Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute |
| KAIST | Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology |
| KIA | Knowledge and Innovation Agendas |
| KIST | Korea Institute of Science and Technology |
| KISTEP | Korea Institute of Science & Technology Evaluation and Planning |
| KISTI | Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information |
| KPI | Key performance indicators |
| KTA | Knowledge and technology alliances |
| LHC | Large Hadron Collider |
| LRD | Leuven Research & Development |
| M&E | Monitoring and evaluation |
| MCE | Ministerial Council for Entrepreneurship |
| MCIT | Ministry of Communications and Information Technology |
| MENA | Middle East and North Africa |
| MEP | Manufacturing Extension Partnership |
| MHESR | Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research |
| MI | Ministry of Industry |
| MIT | Ministry of Industry and Transportation |
| MOSAIC | Monitoring of Scientific Academia-Industry Cooperation |
| MOU | Memorandum of Understanding |
| MPEDIC | Ministry of Planning, Economic Development and International Cooperation |
| MSME | Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises |
| MSMEDA | Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency |
| MTI | Ministry of Trade and Industry |
| NCERI | National Council for Education, Research, and Innovation |
| NIGT | National Institute of Geographic Information Technology |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health |
| NIS | National Innovation System |
| NIST | National Institute of Standards and Technology |
| NRC | National Research Centre |
| NSF | National Science Foundation |
| ODA | Official development assistance |
| OGRE | Office for Global Research Engagement |
| PACST | Presidential Advisory Council on Science and Technology |
| PCP | Pre-commercial procurements |
| PCT | Patent Cooperation Treaty |
| PID | Program Information Document |
| PPBB | Performance- and programme-based budgeting |
| PPI | Public procurements of innovative |
| PRIMA | Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area |
| PRP | Public research performer |
| QS | Quacquarelli Symonds |
| R&D | Research and development |
| RDI | Research, development and innovation |
| RDS | Research and Development Statistics |
| RI | Research infrastructure |
| RIC | Research and Innovation Council |
| RTO | Research and technology organisations |
| S&T | Science and technology |
| SARS | Severe acute respiratory syndrome |
| SBIR | Small Business Innovation Research |
| SCNU | Supreme Council of National Universities |
| SCU | Supreme Council of Universities |
| SDG | Sustainable Development Goals |
| SESAME | Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East |
| SEZ | Special Economic Zones |
| SFI | Scheme for Research-Based Innovation |
| SFIC | Strategic Forum for International S&T Cooperation |
| SHTP | Saigon Hi-tech Park |
| SME | Small and medium-sized enterprises |
| SMM | Strategic Management Model |
| SOE | State-owned enterprises |
| SOP | State Ownership Policy |
| SRTA | Scientific Research and Technological Applications |
| SSC | Specialised Scientific Councils |
| STDF | Science and Technology Development Fund |
| STEM | Science, technology, engineering and mathematics |
| STEPI | Science and Technology Policy Institute |
| STI | Science, technology and innovation |
| STPC | Science and Technology Policy Council |
| STTR | Small Business Technology Transfer |
| SWOT | Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats |
| TICO | Technology innovation and commercialisation offices |
| TIEC | Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship Centre |
| TIIC | Technology and Innovation Industrial Council |
| TIMSS | Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study |
| TIPS | Tech Incubator Program for Startups |
| TTO | Technology transfer office |
| UF | University of Florida |
| UIS | UNESCO Institute for Statistics |
| UKCORI | UK Committee on Research Integrity |
| UNDP | United Nations Development Programme |
| UNESCO | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |
| UNIDO | United Nations Industrial Development Organization |
| USAID | United States Agency for International Development |
| UfM | Union for the Mediterranean |
| VAT | Value-added tax |
| WIPO | World Intellectual Property Organization |
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