With only five years to go until 2030 – the global deadline countries have set themselves for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – governments around the world continue to grapple with a confluence of urgent, interlinked sustainability challenges, including climate change and environmental degradation, geopolitical tensions and wars, and persistent socio-economic inequalities. Out of 169 SDG targets, only 17% are on track, according to The United Nations Global Sustainable Development Report 2024.
Accelerating the implementation of the SDGs require adaptive, responsive and integrated governance systems that can anticipate risks, navigate complex policy interactions, mitigate negative impacts and seize opportunities for sustainable and equitable growth. Ireland, currently developing its Third National Implementation Plan (NIP) for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), demonstrates a strong commitment to sustainable development.
This report examines Ireland’s efforts to achieve the SDGs through enhanced policy coherence for sustainable development (PCSD). It assesses Ireland’s progress against the OECD Recommendation on Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development (hereafter “the PCSD Recommendation”). It focuses on three key pillars: political commitment and long-term vision; mechanisms to manage policy interactions; and tools to anticipate and address policy impacts.
Ireland has established a clear policy foundation for sustainable development. The Second NIP for the SDGs 2022-2024 sets out the framework for integrating the SDGs into national policy and governance. However, the translation of strategic commitments into coherent implementation remains a challenge. The forthcoming NIP for the SDGs presents an opportunity to strengthen PCSD through more explicit mandates and mechanisms that enhance interdepartmental collaboration and policy alignment.
Ireland’s political commitment to sustainable development is embedded in its strategic frameworks and aligned with EU sustainability priorities. However, Ireland can enhance its efforts by clearly defining mandates for policy coherence among coordinating bodies and securing the necessary resources for effective implementation. Additionally, aligning budget allocations with SDG targets will enable a clearer assessment of financial commitments to achieve the SDGs, paving the way for more impactful and effective sustainability measures.
Ireland’s NDP 2021-2030 plays a significant role in supporting local authorities in implementing the SDGs, a priority area examined in this report (see Chapter 4). It defines investment priorities and the numerous funding streams under its broader remit, on which local authorities are heavily dependent. Yet, a key challenge for Ireland is how to ensure vertical coherence as well. The cross-sectoral and integrated approach that underpins the SDG agenda needs to be fully embraced and applied across levels of government and within local administrations. Departments and agencies at the local level still operate within traditional “silos” of responsibility. This needs to be adjusted to reflect the realities of the SDGs and the cross-cutting nature of the work. Achieving the SDGs requires co-ordination with different stakeholders, as they provide important input to discussions where local authorities participate.
Stakeholder engagement is a key feature of SDG implementation in Ireland. The National SDG Stakeholder Forum and public consultation processes provide opportunities for civil society, the private sector, and local governments to contribute to sustainable development policies. However, engagement remains largely ad hoc, with limited systematic integration into decision-making processes. Strengthening political co-ordination and fostering a more structured, inclusive and transparent engagement framework could improve policy coherence and ensure broader participation.
Ireland applies a range of tools to anticipate and monitor policy impacts, including strategic environmental assessments and regulatory impact assessments. However, the systematic mapping of policy synergies and potential trade-offs remains limited. Enhancing impact assessment methodologies, particularly for long-term and cross-border effects, would support more informed policy decisions and better policy outcomes. Additionally, strengthening Ireland’s monitoring and evaluation systems to better capture impacts on sustainable development, including improving data collection and reporting mechanisms, would improve policy coherence and track progress towards the SDGs more effectively.
Ireland has demonstrated significant progress in aligning national policies with the SDGs. Ongoing efforts aim to bridge the remaining gaps between policy ambition and implementation. This report’s main findings and recommendations, summarised below, provide input to the elaboration of Ireland’s Third National Implementation Plan for the SDGs, with a view to enhancing PCSD across national and local government.
