Neurodata governance

Annex C. Study Company Profiles

Table C.1. Study sample – overview of key parameters

Countries (HQ location)	Years since foundation		Size (FTEs)		Invasive device				Device application area
Switzerland, Japan, Korea, USA, Germany, the Netherlands, India	0-5	3 companies	<10	2 companies			Yes	6	Health	7
	5-10	9 companies	10-50	9 companies			No	10	Consumer	4
	10+	4 companies	50-100	3 companies				Defense		1
			>100	2 companies				AI-application		1
								Research		1
								Undefined		2

Source: OECD.

The 16 companies are headquartered in 7 countries: Germany, India, Japan, Korea, Switzerland, the United States and the Netherlands. Most were established 5-10 years ago (9 companies). A smaller number are younger than 5 years (3 companies) or older than 10 years (4 companies). Company size, measured in full-time equivalent employees (FTEs), is similarly varied. Most companies have between 10 and 50 FTEs (9 companies). 2 companies have fewer than 10 employees, 3 have between 50 and 100 employees, and 2 have more than 100 FTEs.

The 16 companies in the sample span across the neurotechnology ecosystem, including medical device manufacturers, neuroinformatics providers, wellness and therapeutic service developers, research hardware/software companies, and emerging cognitive‑AI platform builders. 6 companies provide invasive devices, while 10 develop non-invasive devices.