Regarding policies for production transformation, Colombia has adopted the Política Nacional de Reindustrialización 2024-2034, issued through the CONPES 4129 of 2023, to shift from an extraction-based model to a more productive, sustainable, inclusive and knowledge-driven economy. The policy combines horizontal strategies (infrastructure, human capital, financing, innovation) with vertical approaches targeting strategic sectors –agro-industrialisation, health, defence, a just energy transition and territorially based development. A key complement is the 2023 Hoja de Ruta para la Transición Energética Justa, implemented by the Ministry of Mines and Energy, which seeks to diversify the productive matrix and reduce reliance on the energy sector while strengthening social inclusion, community participation and affordable energy for vulnerable households. Colombia’s strategy also supports small and medium-sized enterprises and the popular economy through development-bank schemes, credit guarantees prioritising rural and conflict-affected areas, the promotion of fintech and digital solutions, financial education for micro-entrepreneurs, and targeted support for the businesses of women, Indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants. In parallel, the NDP 2022-2026 established ZASCA reindustrialisation centres in 26 departments to provide technical assistance, access to advanced machinery, technology and business services in agribusiness, manufacturing – such as textiles, apparel and metalworking – and technology, with differentiated support for youth and people deprived of liberty. Furthermore, Colombia has adopted the Plan Sectorial de Turismo 2022-2026 to promote sustainable tourism as a driver of regional development, with targets of 7.5 million non-resident visitors and 300 000 tourism-related jobs by 2026.
Regarding public financing mechanisms for production transformation, Colombia facilitates the implementation of strategic projects through the infrastructure private-public entity Financiera de Desarrollo Nacional by providing structured financing mechanisms and by supporting the legal, technical and financial structuring of these projects. Among the most important initiatives are the reactivation of the railway sector, aimed at modernising intermodal transport and reducing logistics costs, and the 5G Programme, which has mobilised USD 12.3 million to improve road, rail, river and airport connectivity. These initiatives elevate the importance of transport as a key economic asset due to its capacity for job creation, its contribution to industrial added value and its potential to stimulate local production chains with a technological orientation. These projects mobilise public and private investment with the backing of national entities such as the Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura and international support from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean, the European Union and the United Kingdom.
In terms of international partnerships for production transformation, Colombia has developed strategies to strengthen the attraction of foreign direct investment such as: i) the One-Stop Investment Window (VUI), designed with support from the IDB, which centralises, streamlines and digitalises the establishment processes for foreign investors; ii) the Foreign Direct Investment Facilitation Service (SIED), which works to manage and resolve requests from foreign investors and improve the investment climate; and iii) the SIED Committee, whose purpose is to analyse, guide, propose, co-ordinate and monitor Colombia's IED policy.