Regarding policies for production transformation, Chile has developed the Programa Desarrollo Productivo Sostenible (DPS), an interministerial budgetary programme structured around three objectives: promote just decarbonisation, foster climate resilience and increase the sophistication of sustainable production. The DPS supports scientific or technological knowledge aimed at making production more sophisticated and advancing human capital, including technical training and support for micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). More than 100 initiatives and 780 companies, universities and research centres nationwide have benefited. The strategy includes the Plan de Acción de Hidrógeno Verde 2023‑2030 and the Estrategia Nacional del Litio, both aimed at equipping these industries with sustainable practices, modern technologies, and inclusive stakeholder engagement. The Estrategia de transformación digital: Chile Digital 2035 focuses on digitalising production processes, particularly among MSMEs, with targets for e-commerce adoption set at 35% by 2025, 50% by 2030, and 70% by 2035.
Regarding public financing mechanisms for production transformation, the main funding source is the Chilean public development agency, the Corporación de Fomento de la Producción (CORFO). The resources it receives from sales of lithium are directed to the DPS, which received more than USD 172 million in 2023. The budgetary programme offers several financial instruments, including subsidies for innovation and technological development, guarantees and second-tier credits, investments in technologies enabling sustainable production, and the development of strategic capacities for implementation of the policies. These resources are complemented by international funds such as a USD 1 billion line of credit, approved by the Inter-American Development Bank in December 2022 and targeted at investment projects promoting sustainable development. The bank directed an additional USD 400 million to improve the productivity of MSMEs, with more than 170 000 companies benefiting.
In terms of international partnerships for production transformation, the most notable field of co‑operation is the green hydrogen (GH2) sector. The Team Europe Initiative for the Development of Renewable Hydrogen in Chile, established with the European Union, aims to support the decarbonisation of the Chilean economy and the creation of green jobs and business opportunities. The Global Gateway Renewable Hydrogen Fund for Chile was created within this framework, with funds of up to USD 200 million from the European Investment Bank and the German Development Bank to promote the Chilean hydrogen market. Agreements for expertise exchange on GH2 were also signed with the Netherlands (2023) and the United Kingdom (2024), with the latter expected to unlock more than USD 6.5 billion in UK export credit support. In terms of technology, the MACHI Technology Platform was created in Chile as a part of the FIRST project, an initiative of the European Commission to foster research into future Internet technologies. Finally, the European Union‑Latin America and Caribbean Digital Alliance (2023) is incentivising strategic co‑operation in the fields of digitalisation and space.