Environmental Tax Policy Review of Romania

Annex J. Intensity of EU regulations and directives

Table A J.1. Euro emission standard for passenger cars and commercial vehicles with a mass in running order up to 1280 kg

Euro standard	Directive	Enter in effect (for circulation of vehicles)	NOx threshold gasoline	NOx threshold diesel	Test procedure
Euro 1		1993	-		NEDC
Euro 2		1997	-		NEDC
Euro 3		2001	150	500	NEDC
Euro 4		2006	80	250	NEDC
Euro 5a		2011	60	180	NEDC
Euro 5b		2013	60	180	NEDC
Euro 6b		2015	60	80	NEDC
Euro 6c		2018	60	80	WLTP
Euro 6d-TEMP		2019	60	80	WLTP
Euro 6d		2021	60	80	WLTP

Table A J.2. Euro emission standard for heavy-duty trucks and busses

Euro standard	Enter in effect (for circulation of vehicles)	NOx threshold Diesel (g/kWh)	Test procedure
Euro 0	01/10/1990
Euro I	01/10/1993	8	ECE 49
Euro II	01/10/1996	7	ESC & ELR
Euro III	01/10/2001	5	ESC & ELR
Euro IV	01/10/2006	3.5	ESC & ELR
Euro V	01/10/2009	2	ESC & ELR
Euro VI	01/01/2014	0.4 (WHSC) / 0.46 (WHTC)	WHSC / WHTC

Table A J.3. CO₂ emission performance standards in gCO₂/km

	2015 (cars) / 2017 (light-duty trucks)-2020	2020-2025	2026-2030	2030-2034	2035 onwards
Test procedure	NEDC	NEDC	WLTP	WLPT	WLTP
Cars	130	95	93.6	49.5	0
Light-duty trucks	175	147	153.9	90.6	0

Note: a proxy of 1.21 can used to convert NEDC to WLTP CO2 emission performance standards, as mentioned in https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/9b9aafad-1953-11ee-806b-01aa75ed71a1/language-en.

Source: European Commission (2023[1]; 2019[2]); European Union (2011[3]; 2009[4]); https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/transport-decarbonisation/road-transport/light-duty-vehicles_en ; Regulation EU 2023/1623 specifying the values relating to the performance of manufacturers and pools of manufacturers of new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023D1623 ; EU 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02019R0631-20231203 ; Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 setting emission performance standards for new passenger cars as part of the Community's integrated approach to reduce CO 2 emissions from light-duty vehicles https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2009/443/oj/eng ; Regulation (EU) No 510/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2011 setting emission performance standards for new light commercial vehicles as part of the Union's integrated approach to reduce CO 2 emissions from light-duty vehicles https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2011/510/oj/eng.

References

[1] European Commission (2023), Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2023/1623 of 3 August 2023 specifying the values relating to the performance of manufacturers and pools of manufacturers of new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles for the calendar year 2021 and the value, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023D1623.

[2] European Commission (2019), Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02019R0631-20231203.

[3] European Union (2011), Regulation (EU) No 510/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2011 setting emission performance standards for new light commercial vehicles, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2011/510/oj/eng.

[4] European Union (2009), Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 setting emission performance standards for new passenger cars, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2009/443/oj/eng.