Enhancing the interoperability of policy‑mandated emission monitoring, reporting and verification systems

This report explores practical avenues for establishing interoperable carbon intensity metrics by leveraging existing policy-mandated monitoring reporting and verification (MRV) systems and data governance frameworks. It finds that interoperability does not require full harmonisation of MRV systems. Instead, interoperability can be enhanced by expanding coverage and increasing emissions data disaggregation and by establishing mutual recognition of emission estimation methods and reporting and verification frameworks. It also shows that interoperability depends on legal and institutional mechanisms that balance data openness with confidentiality to build trust and foster cross-border data use. The report concludes by outlining practical actions to strengthen interoperability via policy-mandated MRV systems, including options to improve alignment, data transformability and mutual recognition across systems.