The Digital Government Review of Biscay, Spain, was prepared by the OECD Directorate for Public Governance (GOV) under the leadership of Director Elsa Pilichowski. It was produced by the Innovative, Digital and Open Government Division (INDIGO) led by Gillian Dorner, Deputy Director and Acting Head of Division, and carried out under the supervision of Marco Daglio, Head of the Digital Government Unit.
The review was written by Ricardo Zapata (Chapter 2), Mario Restuccia (Chapters 3), Felipe González-Zapata (Chapter 4) and Julian Olsen (Chapter 5), policy analysts in the Digital Government Unit. Ricardo Zapata co-ordinated this review and Felipe González-Zapata co-ordinated the overall project. The review also drew on valuable comments from Gillian Dorner, Marco Daglio and Jamie Berryhill from INDIGO; Alex Seemann and Oscar Huerta from the Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities (CFE); and Stephania Guzmán Serna and Marco Beltrán Navarro, consultants. Andrea Uhrhammer provided editorial and publication assistance.
The OECD is grateful to the Provincial Council of Biscay for its leadership, co‑operation and commitment throughout the project. In particular, the project was made possible by the support of Biscay’s Department of Public Administration and Institutional Relations and its Directorate of Good Governance, Citizen Services and Digital Services; Lantik S.A.M.P.; and the General Secretariat of Co-ordination. The project also benefited greatly from the valuable inputs and knowledge provided by the following public officials from OECD countries, who acted as peers during the OECD fact-finding mission to Bilbao in June 2025:
Laura Chirstie, Deputy Secretary at Digital.NSW and Chief Information & Digital Officer, New South Wales, Australia.
Mathias Van Compernolle, Policy Officer at Digital Flanders, Belgium.
The OECD Secretariat acknowledges the invaluable support and engagement of all public officials, institutions and affiliated organisations of Biscay’s Provincial Council who participated in the OECD survey, fact-finding mission, and two capacity building workshops. This includes representatives from the Department of Economic Promotion; the Department of Employment, Social Cohesion and Equality; the Department of Public Administration and Institutional Relations; the Department of Finance and Treasury; the Department of Social Action; the Department of Basque Language, Culture and Sport; the Department of Infrastructure and Territorial Development; the Department of Transport, Mobility and Tourism; the Department of Natural Environment and Agriculture; Zugaztel; BiscayTIK; Garbiker; the Basque Government; Bilbao City Hall; EJIE (Basque Government ICT Organization), IZENPE; BAIC; and GAIA. Their perspectives and practical experience were essential in shaping the analysis.