This paper was prepared by Andrés Barreneche, Maxime Benallaoua and Daniela Valenzuela, under the guidance of Alistair Nolan and Elizabeth Thomas‑Raynaud. It benefitted from the review and input of Alessandra Colecchia, Karine Perset and Audrey Plonk. Other OECD colleagues also provided valuable contributions, especially with respect to data development. Thanks are due to: Leonidas Aristodemou, Hélène Dernis and Brigitte van Beuzekom.
The authors also wish to thank the experts participating in the Global Forum on Technology focus group on quantum technologies as well as delegates to the Committee on Scientific and Technological Policy (CSTP) and the Digital Policy Committee (DPC) for providing information on national strategies and policies.