In 2012, in more than one-third of OECD countries, over half of all upper secondary students
participated in pre-vocational or vocational programmes but less than 30% of those students
were exposed to work‑based learning.
Countries with well-established and high-quality vocational and apprenticeship programmes have
improved youth employment opportunities. However, in many OECD countries, the share of young
people who are neither employed, nor in education or training (NEET) is still higher for graduates
from upper secondary VET than from upper secondary general programmes.
Students who enter vocational programmes are less likely to graduate than those who are enrolled
in general programmes. Moreover, they are nearly five times less likely to enrol in further education
than graduates from general secondary schools with similar proficiency in literacy.
