28/01/2022 - Accelerating the pace of structural reform, investing EU funds effectively while ensuring good fiscal management will help strengthen the recovery and future growth, which will lead to better opportunities for people in Romania to get ahead, according to a new OECD report.
Romania made strong progress in raising living standards prior to the COVID-19 crisis and the resilience of its economy during the pandemic has been impressive.
A new OECD Economic Survey of Romania says the immediate economic as well as public health policy priority is to massively expand full vaccination coverage, which at about 40% is among the lowest in Europe.
To sustain its recovery over the medium to longer term, Romania must also focus on the effective implementation of its EU-funded Recovery and Resilience Plan, by strengthening its administrative capacity and carrying out necessary reforms in areas like pensions. Reforms will also need to focus on reviving productivity growth, job creation and skills development, strengthening of the rule of law and public finances.
“The pandemic hit Romania hard, but the government managed to deal with the economic consequences swiftly and comprehensively, helping to bring about a rapid rebound in economic activity,” OECD Secretary-General Mathias Cormann said, presenting the Survey in Bucharest alongside Prime Minister Nicolae-Ionel Ciucă. “As for all countries, challenges remain. The immediate priority is to make more progress on the vaccination campaign. Strengthening productivity by reducing competition barriers, improving the regulatory framework, and enhancing the size and quality of the workforce will then be key to further increase living standards and facilitate convergence towards OECD income levels.”
The COVID-19 crisis hit after two decades of strong economic performance, which saw Romania’s per capita GDP rise to over 60% of the OECD average. That was up massively from around just 30% in the early 2000s.
The recovery is set to continue. The Survey projects Romanian GDP growing by 4.5% in 2022 and 2023, after 6.3% growth in 2021. With inflation picking up strongly and now outside the central bank’s target band, monetary policy should keep tightening as needed.
A credible medium-term consolidation plan should be put in place to ensure a gradual reduction of the budget deficit. This plan should include reforms to accelerate the absorption of the NextGeneration EU funds, improve the efficiency of public spending and increase the financial sustainability of the pension system in the face of an ageing population. Accelerating the modernisation of the tax administration, as well as reforms to eliminate inefficient tax provisions – notably for micro-enterprises and specific sectors like construction – and to increase less distortive taxes like property taxes would help to raise revenues and make the tax system fairer and more efficient.
Productivity growth needs boosting. At present productivity in the Romanian economy sits at about two-thirds of the OECD average. An improved business environment and a strong rule of law environment helping to attract investment will be key to boosting growth and income levels further and get Romania back onto its path of economic convergence with OECD countries.
Specifically, a stronger competition and regulatory framework with simpler procedures for firm entry and exit would help productive firms to thrive, invest and adopt new technologies. Investing in the green and digital transitions would also raise Romania’s growth potential while helping to move closer to its climate targets.
Improving equality of opportunities and social mobility is also important. Despite a steady decline in poverty levels in recent years, the share of Romanians living on less than half the median income still stands at 17% compared to an OECD average of 12%. Romania lags behind most OECD countries in ensuring access to high-quality education, healthcare, housing and transport. Regional disparities were already large. The pandemic has deepened inequalities by hitting vulnerable groups hardest, especially young people, women and Roma populations. It is very important to leverage education and training to bring more low-skilled workers into the formal labour market. Deploying more active labour market policies and improving access to quality vocational and adult education would help address a mismatch in the labour market. Improving skills and job opportunities would also help to slow the flow of Romanian emigrants, which has already hampered economic development through labour and skill shortages.
See a Survey Overview with key findings and charts (this link can be used in media articles).
Note to Editors:
The Paris-based OECD is an international organisation that promotes policies to improve the economic and social well-being of people worldwide. Working with member and partner countries, it provides a forum where governments can work together to share experiences and seek solutions to economic, social and governance challenges.
The OECD’s 38 members are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States.
The OECD engages with Romania, as with other non-member countries, through country specific projects. This engagement takes various forms such as participation in OECD Bodies, country-specific policy reviews, integration of relevant data series in OECD databases, benchmarking exercises, and adherence to OECD instruments.
Over the years, Romania and the OECD have co-operated on a number of country specific reports and publications including the null (2021), Talent Abroad: A Review of Romanian Emigrants (2019), OECD Public Governance Reviews: Scan of Romania (2016) and OECD Competition Assessment Reviews: Romania (2016).
The OECD Council decided on 25 January 2022 to take the first step in accession discussions with Romania, together with Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia and Peru. Individual roadmaps setting out the terms, conditions and process for accession will now be prepared provided that those countries confirm their adherence to the values, vision and priorities reflected in the OECD's 60th Anniversary Vision Statement and the 2021 Ministerial Council Statement.
See more on the opening of new accession discussions, as well as background information on OECD enlargement and the accession process.
Read more about OECD work with Romania.
For further information, journalists are invited to contact Catherine Bremer in the OECD Media Office (+33 1 45 24 80 97).
Working with over 100 countries, the OECD is a global policy forum that promotes policies to preserve individual liberty and improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world.